Plumbing

Greater than 1,000,000 People reside with out indoor plumbing — and most of them reside in large cities

Flint, Michigan became the flagship city of the United States’ water crisis after it was discovered that its main water source was contaminated with lead. But a recent study found that an estimated 471,000 households in the United States have no access to indoor plumbing at all.

“Infrastructure deployment problems reflect long-held and institutionalized ideas about who belongs to the social fabric – and who is excluded from it – and what resources and benefits we take for granted like water,” Senior Researcher Katie Meehan, Senior Lecturer in Human Geography at KCL, said The Guardian.

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Nearly three-quarters of the estimated 1.1 million people in the United States without access to aqueducts live in cities that identified areas of high concentration of “sanitary poverty”, according to the study. These include the urbanized corridor along the east / mid-Atlantic coast, the upper Midwest and Rust Belt, the Appalachians, south-central Florida, Texas, the lower Mississippi Delta / Louisiana Bayou, the Four Corners region (including the Hopi Reservation and Navajo Nation), most of Alaska, as well as major west coast cities.

Households without a water connection are more often run by colored people, earn a lower income, live in mobile homes, rent out their apartments and spend more of their gross income on housing costs than others. Specifically, the study found that households led by colored people were nearly 35 percent more likely to lack tap water than white, non-Hispanic households, predicted in part by income inequality.

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“Systemic problems require systemic change. Eradicating racial poverty requires massive public efforts and commitment to change the nature of our economy and society, “Meehan told The Guardian.

The Native American community is particularly familiar with water scarcity, particularly Navajo and Hopi families who live on reservations. Nonprofit Organizations tried to mobilize technology however, to alleviate the problem have not yet been able to solve the problem on a larger scale.

Sanitation poverty is also a public health issue. In a global pandemic with few weapons available to protect against infection, the ability to wash and disinfect your hands regularly can make the difference between life and death, the authors said.

And it doesn’t get any better, according to the study model, which predicted that urban plumbing poverty would stagnate or get worse in cities across the country.

“Given such trends, we expect water access conditions to deteriorate, especially in cities like San Francisco, Portland and Los Angeles,” Meehan told The Guardian.

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