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		<title>Professor Exposes Drivers of San Francisco’s Housing Disaster</title>
		<link>https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com/professor-exposes-drivers-of-san-franciscos-housing-disaster/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 01 Nov 2023 21:21:07 +0000</pubDate>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com/?p=39387</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>With its majestic hills, mystic fog and magical afternoon light, San Francisco is one of the most photogenic and expensive cities in the world, with the median home price hitting $1.4 million in 2023. It’s a city that Moira O’Neill, an urban planning and local government law scholar at the University of Virginia, knows well, even &#8230;</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com/professor-exposes-drivers-of-san-franciscos-housing-disaster/">Professor Exposes Drivers of San Francisco’s Housing Disaster</a> appeared first on <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com">DAILY SAN FRANCISCO BAY NEWS</a>.</p>
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<p>With its majestic hills, mystic fog and magical afternoon light, San Francisco is one of the most photogenic and expensive cities in the world, with the median home price hitting $1.4 million in 2023.</p>
<p>It’s a city that Moira O’Neill, an urban planning and local government law scholar at the University of Virginia, knows well, even though she was born and raised on the other side of the bay, in Oakland. These two California cities have been in the media for years because of their rising housing costs and the debate around the relationship between housing supply, gentrification and displacement. But the cities are at the center of O’Neill’s research about what drives regional and neighborhood-level inequality.</p>
<p>These topics aren’t abstract for O’Neill. She grew up poor, in a city much less affluent than its neighbors in the region, and went to public schools that were de facto segregated. For that reason, understanding how law can remedy or perpetuate inequality has long been a personal mission for O’Neill — an effort that culminated last week in the heralded release of a California-funded investigative research report that prompted the state to require the city to overhaul a zoning and permitting process that has stymied housing construction.</p>
<p>As O’Neill told The New York Times after her report was released, San Francisco has progressive zoning laws on paper, but its actual practices — which her report uncovered — have resulted in a city that excludes middle- and lower-income workers.</p>
<p>“It’s a progressive city, but there’s this contradiction,” she said in the Times article. “It’s really, really important to highlight not just for California, but for the country, how it’s possible to use procedural rules to be exclusive and block the ability to house people.”</p>
<p>Over the years, pundits and politicians have thrown out various explanations for the astronomical home prices in San Francisco, from generally blaming liberal policies to more specific issues such as the booming tech economy, the cost of labor and building materials, and the expense of addressing environmental regulations.</p>
<p>That last claim was a tipping point for O’Neill, whose scholarship harnesses empirical and data-driven evidence to support state and local government efforts to address both climate change and inequality. Now holding a joint faculty appointment in UVA’s School of Architecture and School of Law, O’Neill still serves as an associate research scientist at the University of California, Berkeley, where she also previously taught at the College of Environmental Design and at the law school.</p>
<p>When she began working as a researcher at Berkeley in 2012, O’Neill took a close look at how other fields — like urban planning and public health — understood and evaluated law. That’s when she began designing a project to use more detailed data and interdisciplinary methods to tease out the details of how state and local law shape housing development patterns in very different cities.</p>
<p>In 2016, she started talking about her work to a colleague at Berkeley Law, Eric Biber, who taught environmental law. “I told him about my concerns and said, ‘Here’s why this matters to me,’” O’Neill said. “‘Because urban economists are saying that it’s environmental law in California that’s blocking housing, and from working in this space, I don’t think it’s that simple and I don’t think we have the right data to fix anything.’”</p>
<p>Biber agreed, but he didn’t need convincing to join her efforts. “He had his own reasons for wanting to launch this work,” O’Neill said.</p>
<p>Working with a law student, they launched an initial study in San Francisco. “So I had partners — we still had no money, but we had a team,” O’Neill laughed.</p>
<p>By 2017, a program officer at the Silicon Valley Community Foundation took notice of their work and provided O’Neill and Biber their first grant to fund expansion of the work into four neighboring cities in the region. O’Neill and her colleagues released their first working paper in February 2018, sharing initial findings from the dataset that would become known as CALES, short for Comprehensive Assessment of Land Use Entitlements Study.</p>
<p>Within months, the paper’s findings would show up in the analysis supporting legislative reform to close loopholes in existing state housing law. “Now we had a proof of concept on what precise, detailed data could do for legislative reform.”</p>
<p>Other funding then showed up, including money from the California Air Resources Board.</p>
<p>Over the next several years, O’Neill and her colleagues at Berkeley continued to collaborate on papers looking at the CALES data from different angles — but always with consistent methodology. In one instance, the CALES data showed that local governments were choosing to write their local law to trigger the state environmental law that other scholars said blocked housing construction. In another, the CALES data showed that state climate policy — often blamed for displacement — could not overcome the challenge of local exclusionary land use regulation.</p>
<p>Earlier this year O’Neill was able to use the data to explore the effects of recent state legislation that requires cities that aren’t meeting their housing production targets to approve “qualifying” affordable developments. Qualifying developments are those where a specified amount of the units are priced below market rate, where the proposed project will be built on parcels that are not environmentally sensitive and where they meet other special labor criteria.</p>
<p>“If they conform to all the city and state rules, you must say yes,” O’Neill said. “For those developments, you can no longer apply a discretionary local review process.”</p>
<p>The point of removing a locale’s discretion for otherwise compliant projects is to prevent well-organized — and well-heeled — neighbors from blocking affordable or mixed-income development by raising a ruckus at zoning and planning hearings, she said.</p>
<p>The work that led to last week’s eventful release began last fall, when California’s Department of Housing and Community Development launched an investigation into San Francisco’s land use policy and practices. The agency provided O’Neill a grant to expand CALES in San Francisco and analyze the data to identify barriers to housing approval and affordable housing construction. O’Neill was also tasked with checking to see whether San Francisco’s processes were consistent with California’s housing law, which requires cities to zone and plan to provide their fair share of affordable housing to the region. That law keeps home rule intact, but it asks cities to equitably spread both the burdens and the benefits of housing construction.</p>
<p>“The state’s newest changes to this area of housing law do more to task cities with revising local laws that have essentially walled off neighborhoods from multifamily housing, in order to relieve the burden on the neighborhoods that have carried the load for so long,” O’Neill said. “This is one of the ways cities create opportunities for social and economic mobility — by making sure that poor people aren’t concentrated in one part of the city.”</p>
<p>The report released last week showed how San Francisco has maneuvered around California’s housing law — which applies to its local zoning and planning law — through its local law, including a provision in its business and tax code. That provision requires discretionary review of all permits of any type.</p>
<p>“There is no proposal to do anything that is not subject to discretionary review,” O’Neill said. “If you want to do anything, even build a deck — there’s always the element of notification, and neighbors and ‘interested parties’ can just request a hearing on it.”</p>
<p>O’Neill calls it “process to an extreme.”</p>
<p>O’Neill and a team of researchers — which included Tim Dodson, a third-year UVA Law student — also looked at every detail of how San Francisco’s process unfolds in practice. Some of what she found came through the CALES data set. Other insights came in through interviews because informal conditions for approval were rarely referenced in hearing transcripts and documents.</p>
<p>“What developers, planners and housing advocates in the city shared is that the process allowed the city to impose conditions for approval that are not codified, that are not enumerated in writing, that are not predictable and that come up in between hearings,” O’Neill said. “That’s what people are reporting and it’s very hard to track whether the city is imposing conditions that are not allowed under state laws, because it’s happening outside of the formal public notice-and-hearing context.”</p>
<p>The research resulted in a 94-page academic report with statistical analyses, mapping and comparative charts. The biggest takeaway, O’Neill said, is that the housing approval process in San Francisco makes it hard to create any kind of new multifamily housing, affordable or otherwise.</p>
<p>“In other words, San Francisco is exclusionary — despite having inclusionary laws on paper, such as an inclusionary housing program, tenant protections, and a lot of land zoned for dense residential use compared to other cities,” she said.</p>
<p>This arduous process has meant it takes developers two years, on average, to get the initial green light for developments that already comply with all of San Francisco’s local law, or “code compliant” development. San Francisco then self-reports to the state that it takes another 605 days, on average, to get building permits for specific items like <a class="wpil_keyword_link" href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com/bay-spaces-150-yr-outdated-water-pipe-drawback-nbc-bay-space/"   title="plumbing" data-wpil-keyword-link="linked">plumbing</a> and electrical hookups. The unpredictable timeframes have driven some developers out of the market and deterred others from entering, she said.</p>
<p>The state is now mandating 18 specific actions the city must take, including eliminating the right of any individual to object to projects that comply with city rules and speeding up building permits once a project is approved. The state’s report also provides another 10 recommended actions.</p>
<p>According to the state report, if the city doesn’t make the required changes within the specified timeframes, California could withhold state funding and revoke local control over development in San Francisco.</p>
<p>While the San Francisco project had personal relevance for O’Neill, she said she hopes to be part of building a more equitable and sustainable future for Charlottesville, Albemarle and the South generally — a place where her husband, Malo Hutson, the dean of UVA’s School of Architecture, has family ties.</p>
<p>“I believe in research that helps local and state governments implement policy to tackle climate change and inequality — that’s everything I do in my research,” she said. “I love teaching land use law and state and local government law, because of how relevant it is to our daily lives. It may not be the area of law you think about first when you come to law school, but the fact is, your day-to-day experience is deeply impacted by state and local laws that affect your choice of schools, how you get to work and your ability to pay for your housing.”</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com/professor-exposes-drivers-of-san-franciscos-housing-disaster/">Professor Exposes Drivers of San Francisco’s Housing Disaster</a> appeared first on <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com">DAILY SAN FRANCISCO BAY NEWS</a>.</p>
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		<title>Did a Faculty Professor Label the Movie &#8216;Mary Poppins&#8217; Racist?</title>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 04 Oct 2023 08:08:39 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Claim: Dr. Daniel Pollack-Pelzner, a professor of English literature at Linfield College, wrote an opinion column published in January 2019, in which he described elements of the 1964 film &#8220;Mary Poppins&#8221; as racist. Rating: In February 2019, news websites in the United States and throughout the world reported that a relatively little-known English professor in &#8230;</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com/did-a-faculty-professor-label-the-movie-mary-poppins-racist/">Did a Faculty Professor Label the Movie &#8216;Mary Poppins&#8217; Racist?</a> appeared first on <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com">DAILY SAN FRANCISCO BAY NEWS</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p>
<p>																		<span class="wrapper_title">Claim:</span></p>
<p>
																				Dr. Daniel Pollack-Pelzner, a professor of English literature at Linfield College, wrote an opinion column published in January 2019, in which he described elements of the 1964 film &#8220;Mary Poppins&#8221; as racist. 																		</p>
<p>																				<span class="wrapper_title">Rating:</span></p>
<p>In February 2019, news websites in the United States and throughout the world reported that a relatively little-known English professor in the Pacific Northwest had &#8220;branded&#8221; Disney&#8217;s classic children&#8217;s film Mary Poppins as racist. The London Evening Standard, for exaple, reported:</p>
<p>&#8220;The classic family film &#8216;Mary Poppins&#8217; has been branded racist by a US academic who accuses Dame Julie Andrews of &#8216;blacking up&#8217; with soot while dancing with chimney sweeps. In a piece for the New York Times, Professor Daniel Pollack-Pelzner criticises one of the film&#8217;s iconic moments, when Mary Poppins joins Dick Van Dyke&#8217;s Bert to dance on a rooftop for the classic song &#8216;Step in Time.'&#8221;</p>
<p>Similarly, the UK-based Metro news website wrote:</p>
<p>&#8220;Classic Disney film Mary Poppins has been branded ‘racist’ by a university professor who believes the scene with Mary and Bert dancing with the chimney sweeps features blackface. In the 1964 film, Mary and Bert take Jane and Michael on an all-singing and dancing tour of London with Bert’s pals that begins with them flying up through the chimney. Famously, they become covered in soot and in a now infamous scene, Mary attempts to wipe it off only to discover that she has made it worse, and so owns the soot and adds more to her nose and cheeks. However Professor Daniel Pollack-Pelzner, an English and gender studies professor at Oregon’s Linfield College, has now suggested that the scene in question is a reference to the original PL Travers books which associated chimney sweeps’ blackened faces with racial caricatures.&#8221;</p>
<p>That characterization of the much-loved movie prompted a bemused and even outraged response from some commentators, as well as enquiries from Snopes readers about the authenticity of Pollack-Pelzner&#8217;s opinion column. One reader asked, &#8220;Is this real or satire? It feels crazy to me &#8230;&#8221; while another wrote, &#8220;Please tell me it&#8217;s a hoax!&#8221;</p>
<p>The opinion piece was indeed written by a professor of English literature at Linfield College, a small private college in McMinnville, Oregon.  Pollack-Pelzner&#8217;s controversial column was published in the New York Times on 28 January 2019 and was a straightforward effort (i.e., not intended to be satirical or humorous). </p>
<p>In that column, Pollack-Pelzner pointed to the thread of questionable racial imagery and stereotypes that run through the series of Mary Poppins books authored by Pamela Lyndon Travers and the classic 1964 film version, arguing that traces of that troubling material are echoed in the 2018 film sequel Mary Poppins Returns:</p>
<p>&#8220;Mary Poppins Returns,&#8221; which picked up four Oscar nominations, is an enjoyably derivative film that seeks to inspire our nostalgia for the innocent fantasies of childhood, as well as the jolly holidays that the first “Mary Poppins” film conjured for many adult viewers. Part of the new film’s nostalgia, however, is bound up in a blackface performance tradition that persists throughout the Mary Poppins canon, from P. L. Travers’s books to Disney’s 1964 adaptation, with disturbing echoes in the studio’s newest take on the material, &#8216;Mary Poppins Returns.&#8217;</p>
<p>One of the more indelible images from the 1964 film is of Mary Poppins blacking up. When the magical nanny (played by Julie Andrews) accompanies her young charges, Michael and Jane Banks, up their chimney, her face gets covered in soot, but instead of wiping it off, she gamely powders her nose and cheeks even blacker. Then she leads the children on a dancing exploration of London rooftops with Dick Van Dyke’s sooty chimney sweep, Bert.</p>
<p>This might seem like an innocuous comic scene if Travers’s novels didn’t associate chimney sweeps’ blackened faces with racial caricature. “Don’t touch me, you black heathen,” a housemaid screams in “Mary Poppins Opens the Door” (1943), as a sweep reaches out his darkened hand. When he tries to approach the cook, she threatens to quit: “If that Hottentot goes into the chimney, I shall go out the door,” she says, using an archaic slur for black South Africans that recurs on page and screen.</p>
<p>The 1964 film replays this racial panic in a farcical key. When the dark figures of the chimney sweeps step in time on a roof, a naval buffoon, Admiral Boom, shouts, “We’re being attacked by Hottentots!” and orders his cannon to be fired at the “cheeky devils&#8221; [see below]. We’re in on the joke, such as it is: These aren’t really black Africans; they’re grinning white dancers in blackface. It’s a parody of black menace; it’s even posted on a white nationalist website as evidence of the film’s racial hierarchy. And it’s not only fools like the Admiral who invoke this language. In the 1952 novel “Mary Poppins in the Park,” the nanny herself tells an upset young Michael, “I understand that you’re behaving like a Hottentot.”</p>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4I-b_GJ4ltk">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4I-b_GJ4ltk</a></p>
<p>Pollack-Pelzner, who studied history and English at Yale and Harvard, is an academic expert in Shakespearean adaptations but has also contributed cultural criticism and theater reviews for major publications including the New Yorker and the Atlantic Monthly.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com/did-a-faculty-professor-label-the-movie-mary-poppins-racist/">Did a Faculty Professor Label the Movie &#8216;Mary Poppins&#8217; Racist?</a> appeared first on <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com">DAILY SAN FRANCISCO BAY NEWS</a>.</p>
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		<title>What’s up with business actual property? It’s a problem, not a disaster says UNC finance professor</title>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 29 Apr 2023 15:41:48 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>KAPELLENHÜGEL &#8211; Der jüngste Rückgang der Bewertungen von Gewerbeimmobilien – teilweise aufgrund höherer Zinssätze und eines Rückgangs der verfügbaren Kredite – hat einige dazu veranlasst, sich Sorgen um die Zukunft der Branche zu machen. Diese Bedenken sind angesichts der Revolution der Fernarbeit während der COVID-19-Pandemie von besonderer Bedeutung, die zu einer Neubewertung der Art und &#8230;</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com/whats-up-with-business-actual-property-its-a-problem-not-a-disaster-says-unc-finance-professor/">What’s up with business actual property? It’s a problem, not a disaster says UNC finance professor</a> appeared first on <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com">DAILY SAN FRANCISCO BAY NEWS</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p>
<p><strong>KAPELLENHÜGEL &#8211;</strong> Der jüngste Rückgang der Bewertungen von Gewerbeimmobilien – teilweise aufgrund höherer Zinssätze und eines Rückgangs der verfügbaren Kredite – hat einige dazu veranlasst, sich Sorgen um die Zukunft der Branche zu machen.  Diese Bedenken sind angesichts der Revolution der Fernarbeit während der COVID-19-Pandemie von besonderer Bedeutung, die zu einer Neubewertung der Art und Weise geführt hat, wie Arbeitsplätze und Unternehmen physische Standorte nutzen.  Um diese Fragen genauer zu untersuchen, sprachen wir mit Jacob Sagi, Professor für Finanzen an der UNC Kenan-Flagler Business School, der die Herausforderungen erörterte, vor denen CRE stehen – und wie man die Trends entwirren kann, die den Sektor erschüttern.</p>
<p><strong>Gibt es eine Krise bei Gewerbeimmobilien?</strong></p>
<p>Jacob Savi (UNC-CH-Foto)</p>
<p><strong>Jakob Sagi:</strong> Der Bürosektor steht vor einer drohenden Krise, aber sie ist bei weitem nicht repräsentativ für das, was in CRE insgesamt vor sich geht.  Es ist wichtig zu verstehen, dass CRE nicht monolithisch ist.  Laut einer aktuellen Studie der National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts beläuft sich der Bestand an Gewerbeimmobilien in den Vereinigten Staaten auf über 20 Billionen US-Dollar.  Büroimmobilien machen davon rund 15 % aus.  Zu den verbleibenden Nutzungen von CRE-Immobilien gehören Wohnen (z. B. Wohnungen), Einzelhandel (z. B. Einkaufszentren und Einkaufszentren), Industrie (z. B. Fulfillment-Lagerhäuser), Hotels und eine Vielzahl von „Spezial“-Nutzungen (medizinische Einrichtungen, Seniorenpflege, Rechenzentren, Mobilfunkmasten, Jachthäfen und die Liste geht weiter).  Der CRE-Immobilienmarkt ist hinsichtlich seiner Flächennutzung diversifiziert, und die Nachfrageprofile variieren je nach Standort.  Beispielsweise ist die Flächennachfrage unabhängig von der Nutzung in wachstumsstarken Städten im Sonnengürtel anders als beispielsweise in San Francisco (ein Markt, der sowohl von COVID-19 als auch von der Tech-Rezession hart getroffen wurde).  Mit anderen Worten, es ist wichtig, nicht in die Falle zu tappen, den großen und vielfältigen nationalen CRE-Markt mit breiten Pinselstrichen zu malen.</p>
<p>Riesige Herausforderungen: Der Gewerbeimmobiliensektor von Triangle steht vor „sehr realem“ Gegenwind</p>
<p>Mehr sehen</p>
<p><strong>Vor welchen Herausforderungen steht der CRE-Markt und welche Märkte sind am stärksten herausgefordert?</strong></p>
<p><strong>Jakob Sagi:</strong> Wir alle wissen, dass die Zinsen in die Höhe geschossen sind und damit auch die Preise von Anlagewerten wie Aktien und Anleihen eingebrochen sind.  Um zu verstehen, wie der gleiche wirtschaftliche Druck auf Gewerbeimmobilien ausgeübt werden sollte, bedenken Sie, dass die typische Gewerbeimmobilien-Hypothek für begehrte Immobilientypen im April 2021 einen Zinssatz von etwa 3,5 % geboten haben könnte. Spulen Sie zwei Jahre vor und der Zinssatz für dasselbe Darlehen ( bei gleichem Beleihungsauslauf) würde höchstwahrscheinlich über 6 % liegen.  Unter Verwendung der CRE-Preise von Anfang 2022 sind die heutigen Hypothekenzinsen höher als das, was viele Immobilien an Nettoeinkommen erbringen können.  Angesichts der Tatsache, dass die Zinssätze 2019, geschweige denn 2021, wahrscheinlich nicht wieder auf ihr Niveau sinken werden, könnten nur zwei Dinge einen rationalen Käufer dazu bringen, angesichts der heutigen viel höheren Finanzierungskosten solch hohe Preise zu zahlen:</p>
<ol>
<li>Überzeugen Sie den Käufer davon, dass die Einkommensrenditen schnell und heftig steigen werden, um die niedrigeren Hypothekenzinsen auszugleichen.</li>
<li>Senken Sie den Preis … sehr!</li>
</ol>
<p>Die gute Nachricht ist, dass laut Green Street Advisors für fast alle CRE-Immobilientypen ein gewisses Einkommenswachstum prognostiziert wird.  Die schlechte Nachricht ist, dass mit einigen bemerkenswerten Ausnahmen (z. B. Industrielager und Vertriebszentren) nur wenige Immobilienarten ein Wachstum prognostizieren, das die Inflation um mehr als ein paar Prozentpunkte übersteigt.  Damit die meisten CRE-Immobilien für aktuelle Käufer attraktiv sind, müssen die Werte im Vergleich zum Niveau von 2021 sinken, und zwar in einigen Fällen erheblich.  Warum sind die Preise nicht schon gesunken?  Das liegt daran, dass die meisten Eigentümer nicht verkaufen müssen.  Infolgedessen haben wir gesehen, wie Verkaufstransaktionen im ersten Quartal 2022 und 2023 von einer Klippe gefallen sind.  Um ein Gefühl für die Kluft zwischen den Preisen zu bekommen, zu denen Anleger bereit sind zu kaufen, und den Preisen, die Eigentümer zahlen wollen, bedenken Sie, dass öffentlich gehandelte Immobilienportfolios, deren Aktien täglich gehandelt werden, von der Börse mit bewertet werden ein durchschnittlicher Rabatt von fast 25 % im Vergleich zu dem Wert, zu dem private Markteigentümer sie schätzen würden.  Die Geschichte zeigt uns, dass irgendwann die Realität einsetzt und private und öffentliche Märkte zusammenlaufen.  Die Frage ist, wann und was die Auswirkungen sein könnten.</p>
<p>„Wann“ kann niemand mit Sicherheit sagen.  Um die Auswirkungen einer Abrechnung auf den Gewerbeimmobilienmarkt zu verstehen, kann man zwei Fälle untersuchen, in denen das zukünftige Einkommenswachstum die derzeit hohen Preise der Eigentümer für die durchschnittliche Immobilie wahrscheinlich nicht rechtfertigen wird: Büro- und Mehrfamilienimmobilien.  Auch wenn beiden das Risiko eines deutlichen Kursverfalls droht, sind die Folgen für Eigentümer und Kreditgeber sehr unterschiedlich.  Mehrfamilienhäuser erlebten in den letzten zwei Jahren einen so phänomenalen Mietanstieg, dass Eigentümer, die vor Mitte 2021 gekauft oder refinanziert wurden, im Vergleich zu ihrer ursprünglichen Kauf- (und Finanzierungs-) Basis kaum oder gar keinen Verlust erleiden würden.  Darüber hinaus hat der Markt für Mehrfamilienhäuser Zugang zu Finanzierungen von staatlich geförderten Agenturen wie Fannie Mae und Freddie Mac und wird in der Lage sein, eine Refinanzierung zu finden, selbst wenn die Kreditmärkte bei Fälligkeit ihrer Kredite angespannt bleiben.  Mit anderen Worten, der Markt für Mehrfamilienhäuser als Ganzes kann wahrscheinlich jeden drohenden Schlag einstecken und weitermachen.</p>
<p>Der Büromarkt ist nicht so glücklich.  Zwischen Anfang 2017 und Ende 2022 verzeichneten die Büromärkte in den US-Innenstädten insgesamt einen anämischen Wertzuwachs von 3 % pro Jahr.  Ein Eigentümer und sein Kreditgeber werden erheblichen Risiken ausgesetzt sein, wenn ein Großmieter seinen Mietvertrag nicht verlängert oder sich verkleinert, und die Arbeit von zu Hause aus wird als einer der Gründe dafür angesehen.  Offene Stellen in allen außer den besten Büroflächen sind schwer zu besetzen.  Um diesen Schmerz noch zu verstärken, muss der Eigentümer für viele Kredite, die zur Finanzierung und Neubewertung in den heutigen angespannten Kreditmärkten fällig werden, erhebliches zusätzliches Eigenkapital aufbringen, oder der Kreditgeber muss möglicherweise einen Teil des Kredits umstrukturieren und/oder abschreiben (oder in einigen Fällen , ausschließen).</p>
<p>Zusammenfassend: Der CRE-Markt insgesamt steht sicherlich vor Herausforderungen, aber es wäre übertrieben zu behaupten, dass sich dieser gesamte Markt in einer Krise befindet.  Viele Segmente entwickeln sich gut, und einige (wenn nicht die meisten) sind gut positioniert, um einer Korrektur standzuhalten.  Eine Ausnahme bildet der Bürobereich.  Es ist in Schwierigkeiten, aber es ist auch ein relativ kleiner Teil eines großen Ganzen.</p>
<p><strong>Können Büroimmobilien an neue Nutzungen angepasst werden?</strong></p>
<p><strong>Jakob Sagi:</strong> Dies ist eine der am häufigsten gestellten Fragen im Zusammenhang mit Problemen im Bürosektor von CRE.  Es ist viel darüber geschrieben worden.  Der offensichtliche Anwärter auf die adaptive Wiederverwendung ist das Wohnen.  Schließlich haben wir so viel über die Immobilienkrise gehört, also könnte dies eine Win-Win-Situation sein, oder?</p>
<p>Die kurze Antwort lautet: „Vielleicht ein bisschen, aber nicht viel und nicht in absehbarer Zeit.“  Hier gibt es zwei große Herausforderungen: physische und finanzielle.  Auf der physischen Seite hat die Mehrheit der modernen Bürogebäude in den USA, die nach 1950 gebaut wurden, Bodenplatten, die zu groß für die Umwandlung in Wohnzwecke sind.  Letzteres erfordert einen Zugang zu Fenstern, und das bedeutet, dass Wohnungen nur um den Umfang der Bodenplatte herum angeordnet werden konnten.  Dies hinterlässt in vielen Fällen einen riesigen unerwünschten oder unbrauchbaren leeren Raum (außer vielleicht für den Aufzugsschacht) in der Mitte der Bodenplatte.  Nicht ideal.</p>
<p>Zweitens ist es teuer, den Umbau durchzuführen und die Standardbauvorschriften für Wohngebäude zu erfüllen.  Sanitär, HVAC usw. müssten alle erneuert werden.  Um wirtschaftlich sinnvoll zu sein, würde die Gebäudeerwerbsgrundlage (was ein Bauträger dem Bürogebäudeeigentümer zahlen müsste) die Hälfte oder weniger des Wertes der meisten Schätzungen betragen.  Das liegt daran, dass Büroimmobilien in der Vergangenheit teurer im Bau waren und für mehr (pro Quadratfuß) vermietet wurden als Mehrfamilienhäuser.  Eine Studie von Moody&#8217;s Analytics aus dem Jahr 2022 kam kürzlich zu dem Schluss, dass nur 3 % der Bürogebäude in NYC für die Umwandlung in Wohnungen geeignet wären.  Dies könnte sich ändern, wenn die Preise deutlich sinken und die Städte Umstellungsanreize und Subventionen einführen – beides ist im Gange, aber immer noch auf einem viel zu bescheidenen Niveau, um eine signifikante Wirkung zu erzielen.</p>
<p><strong>Kann eine Krise im Bürosektor von CRE auf den Rest der Wirtschaft übergreifen?  Kann es zum Beispiel eine Bankenkrise auslösen?</strong></p>
<p><strong>Jakob Sagi:</strong> Lokal, ja.  Bundesweit wahrscheinlich nicht.  Betrachten wir dazu ein paar Fakten und Statistiken.  Der offensichtlichste Kanal, durch den Immobilienprobleme auf den Rest der Wirtschaft übergreifen können, ist das Finanzsystem.  Das geschah Ende der 1980er Jahre mit der Spar- und Kreditkrise und mit der Finanzkrise Mitte der 80er Jahre.  Der Mechanismus ist inzwischen bekannt: Angeschlagene Immobilienunternehmen zahlen massenweise keine Kredite mehr, was die Bilanzen der Finanzinstitute verstopft, und diese Institute beginnen zu scheitern oder müssen die weitere Kreditvergabe einschränken.  Die anschließende Kreditklemme führt zu einer weit verbreiteten finanziellen Notlage, die sich auf die Finanzinstitute auswirkt.  Wie wir wissen, kann dies ein staatliches Eingreifen erfordern, um eine außer Kontrolle geratene Spirale zu verhindern.</p>
<p>Wie ich bereits ausgeführt habe, liegen die Probleme bei Gewerbeimmobilien hauptsächlich im Bürosektor.  Es gibt nur wenige Anzeichen dafür, dass Eigentümer von Nicht-Büroimmobilien generell Gefahr laufen, Schlüssel an ihre Kreditgeber zu übergeben.  Es gibt jedoch Anzeichen dafür, dass einige der finanzkräftigsten Eigentümer (z. B. Blackstone und Brookfield) tatsächlich bereit sind, dies bei Bürogebäuden zu tun.  Kann der Bürosektor allein das Finanzsystem zu Fall bringen?  Das bezweifle ich.  Um zu sehen warum, lassen Sie uns die Quellen der CRE-Kreditvergabe analysieren.</p>
<p>Laut der Mortgage Bankers Association verteilt sich die Kreditvergabe von Wirtschaftsimmobilien auf Banken (40 %), Versicherungsgesellschaften (15 %), spezialisierte private und öffentlich gehandelte Fonds (11 %) und Wall-Street-Investoren in hypothekenbesicherte Wertpapiere, die von staatlich geförderten Agenturen ausgegeben werden (20 %) und Investmentbanken (14 %).  Systemrelevante Institute scheinen kein erhebliches Engagement in riskanten Gewerbeimmobilienkrediten zu haben, aber es stimmt, dass kleine und regionale Banken proportional zu ihrer Größe mehr Kredite gegen Gewerbeimmobilien vergeben.1 Angesichts der jüngsten Insolvenzen von SVB und Signature Bank ist dies der Fall Klasse von Finanzinstituten, die angesichts ihres Engagements in Wirtschaftsimmobilien die größte Sorge verdient.  Nach Angaben von Trepp werden etwa 545 Milliarden US-Dollar an von Banken bereitgestellten CRE-Krediten in den Jahren 2023 und 2024 fällig und müssen refinanziert werden.2 Davon entfallen etwa 30 % (oder etwa 161 Milliarden US-Dollar) auf Büroimmobilien.  Ausgehend von der Tatsache, dass rund 80 % der Bankkredite an Gewerbeimmobilien über kleine und mittelgroße Banken vergeben werden, könnte man die potenzielle Größe „angeschlagener Gewerbeimmobilien“ in den Bilanzen anfälliger Institute auf 130 Milliarden US-Dollar schätzen.3 Dies entspricht weniger als 2 %. ihrer Gesamtbilanz, laut einem FDIC-Bericht von 2023.  Das Bankensystem als Ganzes sollte in der Lage sein, einer solchen Belastung standzuhalten.  Bankinstitute sind jetzt viel besser kapitalisiert als während der vorangegangenen Krisen.4 Darüber hinaus hat die Bundesregierung ihre Bereitschaft gezeigt, Einleger zu unterstützen und anfälligen Instituten Liquidität gegen das Versiegen kurzfristiger Finanzierungsquellen bereitzustellen.</p>
<p>Dass Wirtschaftsimmobilien und insbesondere der Bürosektor wahrscheinlich keine nationale Finanzkrise auslösen werden, sollte nicht als Bagatellisierung des Schmerzes oder der Auswirkungen des Stresses in dieser Anlagekategorie angesehen werden.  Laut dem Community Banking Research Program der FDIC für Ende 2022 sind etwa 27 % der Klein-/Gemeinschaftsbanken (typischerweise mit Kreditbilanzen von 2 Mrd. USD oder weniger) „CRE-Spezialisten“, deren Kredite 30 % oder mehr ihrer Bilanz ausmachen Blätter.  Einige dieser Institute könnten scheitern oder ihre gesamte Kreditvergabe einschränken müssen, und dies könnte einigen Gemeinschaften schaden – insbesondere denen, die von größeren Bankinstituten unterversorgt sind.  Darüber hinaus werden angespannte Immobilien mit wachsendem Leerstand wahrscheinlich einen Rückgang der Grundsteuer (und damit der lokalen Dienstleistungen) und das Risiko wachsender städtischer „Wüsten“ bedeuten.  Es wird Schmerzen geben, aber es ist wahrscheinlich, dass sie lokal zu spüren sind, wobei einige Gemeinschaften mehr leiden als andere.  Anstatt dass CRE eine Krise verursacht und uns in eine Rezession führt, könnte es sein, dass eine Rezession, die hauptsächlich durch andere Einflüsse ausgelöst wird, die Probleme im Bürosektor weiter verschärfen und den Schmerz in einigen Gemeinden verstärken wird.</p>
<p data-amp-original-style="text-align: center;" class="amp-wp-cdd8ca0">(C) Kenan-Institut</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com/whats-up-with-business-actual-property-its-a-problem-not-a-disaster-says-unc-finance-professor/">What’s up with business actual property? It’s a problem, not a disaster says UNC finance professor</a> appeared first on <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com">DAILY SAN FRANCISCO BAY NEWS</a>.</p>
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		<title>US election: Donald Trump created an Orwellian nightmare however Joe Biden may also help America recuperate – Professor Joe Goldblatt</title>
		<link>https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com/us-election-donald-trump-created-an-orwellian-nightmare-however-joe-biden-may-also-help-america-recuperate-professor-joe-goldblatt/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 19 Oct 2021 01:15:18 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Democrat Joe Biden turns Donald Trump into an entirely different US President (Images: Angela Weiss and Mandel Ngan / AFP via Getty Images) He had traveled to Jura for rest and isolation so that he could focus on the concept of Big Brother. He succeeded, and this book revolutionized publishing in 1949 with its history &#8230;</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com/us-election-donald-trump-created-an-orwellian-nightmare-however-joe-biden-may-also-help-america-recuperate-professor-joe-goldblatt/">US election: Donald Trump created an Orwellian nightmare however Joe Biden may also help America recuperate – Professor Joe Goldblatt</a> appeared first on <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com">DAILY SAN FRANCISCO BAY NEWS</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Democrat Joe Biden turns Donald Trump into an entirely different US President (Images: Angela Weiss and Mandel Ngan / AFP via Getty Images)</p>
<p>He had traveled to Jura for rest and isolation so that he could focus on the concept of Big Brother.  He succeeded, and this book revolutionized publishing in 1949 with its history of Eternal War, ubiquitous government surveillance, historical negationism, and propaganda.</p>
<p>Many people may well believe that the 1984 fiction was put into practice during the 2020 US presidential election.  And some people, like the Chinese government, were so shocked by Orwell&#8217;s story that they banned his books from their social media platforms in 2019.</p>
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<p>Those of a certain age will remember that it wasn&#8217;t always that way.  In fact, New York State Governor Mario Cuomo delivered a speech at the US Democratic Congress in 1984.  Almost 80 million people watched the speech on their televisions and Governor Cuomo was interrupted by applause more than 50 times from the live audience.  That was the year President Ronald Regan spoke eloquently about the US being &#8220;a shining city on a hill.&#8221;  Cuomo contrasted this image that &#8220;the hard truth is that not everyone shares in the splendor and glory of this city&#8221;.</p>
<h2 class="sc-hrWEMg jQCxil">Continue reading </h2>
<p>Continue reading</p>
<p>US election: Americans in Scotland fear the result of the vote</p>
<p>Aside from last-minute problems &#8211; like a successful legal challenge by Donald Trump &#8211; Joe Biden appears to be the elected President of the United States.</p>
<p>He was carried into the White House by a tsumani of people who understood he was talking about them when he said the Covid pandemic was “not over” and added, “Just ask the people at your dining table will look at an empty chair ”.  Reaching for a loved one in their bed at Christmas or out of habit, only to find it is empty too.</p>
<p><h3><strong>A voice of integrity, honor and truth</strong></h3>
</p>
<p><img decoding="async" alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjEzMzEiIHdpZHRoPSIyMDAwIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIvPg=="/>Trump supporters slap the glass and chant slogans outside a room where postal votes were counted in Detroit, Michigan (Image: Jeff Kowalsky / AFP via Getty Images)</p>
<p>Biden and Vice President-elect Kamala Harris held up a highly polished mirror to the American people as if to say, &#8220;Is that what you really want?&#8221;</p>
<p>As the world has become increasingly dystopian since 1984, it strikes me that even today, amid the stormy seas of electronic mass media, a voice of integrity, honor and, yes, truth can rise above the maddened crowd.</p>
<p>Combining the folklore of Ronald Reagan, the sincerity of Jimmy Carter, and even the sincere wrath of the Founding Fathers of the United States, Joe Biden and Kamala Harris were able to overcome all odds by finding their common voice and asking a simple question.</p>
<p>They kept asking: &#8220;Is this the America we want for ourselves, our children and our grandchildren?&#8221;</p>
<p>It is a simple and at the same time profound question.  If you interviewed 300 million US citizens and asked them about their dreams for the future, you would find as many splinters as you can see when you cut a huge tree in the forest.</p>
<p><h3><strong>Another morning</strong></h3>
</p>
<p>These factions have always been part of the American experiment.  However, because of recent poor national leadership, this noble experiment has failed because of the seeds of division rather than the formation of courageous coalitions.</p>
<p>Now President Ronald Reagan&#8217;s 1984 campaign slogan, &#8220;It&#8217;s Tomorrow in America&#8221; ​​seems to be true again with the advent of new leadership, albeit from an opposing party.</p>
<p>The challenge now for future President Biden and Vice President Harris is that they must first heal the wounds of the recent past.  And while these scars will be visible for many years to come, they will always remind us of the American dream stronger and more enduring than any selfish despot, angry white racist group, or a lewd QAnon conspiracy troll.</p>
<p><h3><strong>Further from dystopia</strong></h3>
</p>
<p>When Governor Cuomo stood at the Moscone Convention Center in San Francisco and spoke to thousands of delegates, his voice did not thunder, but rather, quietly and firmly, he reminded all Americans that their country was a &#8220;story of two cities&#8221; rather than a &#8220;brilliant&#8221; one City on a hill. &#8220;</p>
<p>Then he threw a strong spotlight on the dark side of this hill, using statistical evidence to show how unfair America had become.  He concluded with these words, which in both 1984 and 2020 will bring a deep sense of treasure and upward development: “To be successful, we need to give up some small bits of our individual interests in order to build a platform that we all do can endure &#8220;.  on, immediately and comfortably &#8211; proudly &#8211; sing along. &#8220;</p>
<p>I believe the election of Joe Biden and Kamala Harris opened a new opportunity to step by step from our dystopian past and present to a new chapter for America and her friends and admirers around the world to stand together and sing again proud that these are our values ​​and that our hopes for the future will be realized with new leadership that values ​​truth, respect, kindness and, yes, love.</p>
<p>Professor Joe Goldblatt is Professor Emeritus of Scheduled Events at Queen Margaret University.  He has both Scottish and US citizenship and has been known as an &#8220;Honorary Orcadian&#8221; because of his many visits.  He voted for Joe Biden and Kamala Harris.  To learn more about Professor Goldblatt&#8217;s views, visit www.joegoldblatt.scot</p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com/us-election-donald-trump-created-an-orwellian-nightmare-however-joe-biden-may-also-help-america-recuperate-professor-joe-goldblatt/">US election: Donald Trump created an Orwellian nightmare however Joe Biden may also help America recuperate – Professor Joe Goldblatt</a> appeared first on <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com">DAILY SAN FRANCISCO BAY NEWS</a>.</p>
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		<title>Professor Aron Walsh named within the 2020 Extremely Cited Researcher Listing &#124; Imperial Information</title>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 06 Apr 2021 19:17:21 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Professor Aron Walsh was named to Web of Science&#8217;s 2020 list of Frequently Cited Researchers. The 2020 List of Frequently Cited Researchers identifies influential researchers from around the world who have been most cited by their peers over the past decade. Selected researchers have authored several frequently cited articles and found to be among the &#8230;</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com/professor-aron-walsh-named-within-the-2020-extremely-cited-researcher-listing-imperial-information/">Professor Aron Walsh named within the 2020 Extremely Cited Researcher Listing | Imperial Information</a> appeared first on <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com">DAILY SAN FRANCISCO BAY NEWS</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p>
<p>					<img decoding="async" src="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/assets/news/img/main_image_shd.png" alt="" class="imageShadowAfterMainImage"/></p>
<p class="abstract" itemprop="description">Professor Aron Walsh was named to Web of Science&#8217;s 2020 list of Frequently Cited Researchers.</p>
<p>The 2020 List of Frequently Cited Researchers identifies influential researchers from around the world who have been most cited by their peers over the past decade.  Selected researchers have authored several frequently cited articles and found to be among the top 1% by subject and year citations on the Web of Science.</p>
<p><span>These researchers represent the top 1% of their fields of expertise, meaning that researchers and social scientists highly cited by the world&#8217;s population are 1 in 1,000</span>. </p>
<p>Professor Aron Walsh said, “When you present your new research to the world, it is difficult to know who is watching.  While we always have to take citation metrics with a pinch of salt, it&#8217;s comforting to know that my work is widely read.  I made the list thanks to the efforts of my research group and my staff.  &#8220;</p>
<p><span>Imperial is a signatory to the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment, which a </span>Commitment not to consider journal-based metrics<span> in evaluating the research performance of employees or candidates for recruitment.</span></p>
<h2>Current research</h2>
<p><img decoding="async" class="one-third" src="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/ImageCropToolT4/imageTool/uploaded-images/cs_1605865364725_x2.jpg?r=3638" alt="A picture of the cover of Chemical Science magazine"/><br />
Chemical Science, Vol. 11, No. 43</p>
<p>Professor Walsh&#8217;s group deals with the theory and simulation of energy materials such as solar cells, fuels and batteries.  That year, his group developed a new technique or predicted the upper limit for the efficiency of converting solar energy into crystalline materials published in Energy and Environmental Science.  The approach enables the rapid selection of next generation solar energy materials without expensive or toxic elements suitable for terawatt scale application.  </p>
<p>His most recent discovery in collaboration with NIMS in Japan is a novel organic crystal, which is built up from a radical tetrathiafulvalene derivative and which leads to exceptional electrical conductivity.  The publication was featured on the cover of Chemical Science.</p>
<p>Article text (without photos or graphics) © Imperial College London.</p>
<p>Photos and graphics are copyrighted by third parties and are used with permission or © Imperial College London.</p>
<p>								<img decoding="async" class="profile" src="https://www.imperial.ac.uk/ImageCropToolT4/imageTool/uploaded-images/Brewer_-Kayleigh-_2_--tojpeg_1588155135164_x1.jpg" alt="Kayleigh Brewer"/></p>
<p>									Kayleigh Brewer<br />
									<br />Department of Materials
								</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com/professor-aron-walsh-named-within-the-2020-extremely-cited-researcher-listing-imperial-information/">Professor Aron Walsh named within the 2020 Extremely Cited Researcher Listing | Imperial Information</a> appeared first on <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com">DAILY SAN FRANCISCO BAY NEWS</a>.</p>
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