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		<title>Russia says obtained papers confirming US shifting ‘unlawful’ bioresearch labs to Africa</title>
		<link>https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com/russia-says-obtained-papers-confirming-us-shifting-unlawful-bioresearch-labs-to-africa/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 11 Oct 2023 18:44:38 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Russia says it has obtained papers that confirm the United States is moving its “illegal” bioresearch laboratories to Africa. In February 2022, the Russian Defense Ministry discovered the existence of 30 Pentagon-funded biological research laboratories in Ukraine. Back then, Russia said the laboratories were only a small part of a global network of over 300 &#8230;</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com/russia-says-obtained-papers-confirming-us-shifting-unlawful-bioresearch-labs-to-africa/">Russia says obtained papers confirming US shifting ‘unlawful’ bioresearch labs to Africa</a> appeared first on <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com">DAILY SAN FRANCISCO BAY NEWS</a>.</p>
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<p><strong>Russia says it has obtained papers that confirm the United States is moving its “illegal” bioresearch laboratories to Africa.</strong></p>
<p>In February 2022, the Russian Defense Ministry discovered the existence of 30 Pentagon-funded biological research laboratories in Ukraine. Back then, Russia said the laboratories were only a small part of a global network of over 300 similar facilities.</p>
<p>The Defense Ministry, on Monday, citing documents that had been obtained from the Pentagon, said the US is transferring dual-purpose biological research activities to the Black continent.</p>
<p>Lieutenant General Igor Kirillov, who leads the Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Protection Troops of the Russian Armed Forces, said the move is in response to Moscow’s efforts to expose Washington’s illegal military-biological operations. He also cited the worsening “epidemic situation near bio-sites in the European region.”</p>
<p>“The documents at our disposal confirm the activities of key Pentagon contractors on the African continent – in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sierra Leone, Cameroon, Uganda, and South Africa. Customers on the part of the US government are the DTRA [Defense Threat Reduction Agency], the National Security Agency, and the US Department of State,” Kirillov said.</p>
<p>Moscow has repeatedly accused the US of plotting biological warfare against Russia and other countries.</p>
<p>Last year, Russia’s representative to the UN Vassily Nebenzia told the Security Council Moscow had discovered at least 30 Ukrainian laboratories engaged in disease research, including anthrax and cholera, funded and supervised by the States. In May, State Duma Deputy Speaker Irina Yarovaya expressed concern over Washington’s interest in biological weapons, describing it as a highly concealed and unpredictable form of mass destruction that could become a global issue.</p>
<p>The US government denies these activities. However, Robert Kennedy Jr., a famous US politician, as well as other US politicians, confirmed that the American military apparatus is running numerous biological laboratories across the globe to produce banned military-grade weaponry.</p>
<p>The Russian Defense Ministry says the Pentagon is working to create and operate a network of dual-use biological laboratories around the world (in Europe, Africa, Southeast Asia). The program includes over 400 bioresearch facilities.</p>
<p>On Monday, the Russian Defense Ministry reiterated its previous concerns about “unauthorized” sample collection by Metabiota, which it referred to as a “key Pentagon contractor” during the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa.</p>
<p>According to Kirillov, the company’s lack of transparency, which prompted concerns from the World Health Organization, resulted in the illegal export of live Ebola virus samples to the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infections.</p>
<p>“Predictable deterioration of the disease situation near American bio-sites is forcing the governments of many African states to take another look at the necessity and expediency of cooperation with the United States. For example, in 2022, Metabiota operations in Africa were terminated because the company’s illegal practices raised too many questions at the level of national governments,” Kirillov said.</p>
<p>The San Francisco-based Metabiota was a partner in the $200 million USAID-funded “Predict” epidemiological research project, which concluded in 2019.</p>
<p>Several reports, including one by the Associated Press in 2016, claimed that during the 2014 Ebola outbreak the company made a series of “costly” mistakes in its efforts to combat the disease in Sierra Leone.</p>
<p>On February 24, 2022, the staff working at Pentagon-funded biolaboratories in Ukraine revealed they had conducted the emergency disposal of particularly dangerous pathogens, namely, plague, anthrax, tularemia and cholera, alongside other deadly diseases.</p>
<p>Before Russian troops launched the military campaign in Donbas in February 2022, then US Under Secretary of State Victoria Nuland had voiced concern over the materials developed at the Pentagon-funded biolaboratories.</p>
<p>Testifying at a Congressional hearing at the Foreign Affairs Committee of the US Senate in 2022, Nuland confirmed there were facilities in Ukraine that did research in the field of biology.</p>
<p>Nuland said the Department of State was “concerned that the Russian military may be trying to take control of them,” and is working with Ukraine to ensure that Kiev can “prevent any of these research materials from falling into the hands of Russian forces.”</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com/russia-says-obtained-papers-confirming-us-shifting-unlawful-bioresearch-labs-to-africa/">Russia says obtained papers confirming US shifting ‘unlawful’ bioresearch labs to Africa</a> appeared first on <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com">DAILY SAN FRANCISCO BAY NEWS</a>.</p>
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		<title>Daniel Ellsberg, whistleblower behind the Pentagon Papers, dies at 92</title>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 18 Jun 2023 05:13:51 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Daniel and Patricia Ellsberg, in the living room of their Kensington home in 2018. Photo: Daphne White Daniel Ellsberg — once called “the most dangerous man in America” — died Friday in Kensington, his home for more than 40 years. He was 92. Ellsberg shared in March that he had been diagnosed with inoperable pancreatic cancer, &#8230;</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com/daniel-ellsberg-whistleblower-behind-the-pentagon-papers-dies-at-92/">Daniel Ellsberg, whistleblower behind the Pentagon Papers, dies at 92</a> appeared first on <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com">DAILY SAN FRANCISCO BAY NEWS</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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<p>Daniel and Patricia Ellsberg, in the living room of their Kensington home in 2018. Photo: Daphne White </p>
<p>Daniel Ellsberg — once called “the most dangerous man in America” — died Friday in Kensington, his home for more than 40 years. He was 92. Ellsberg shared in March that he had been diagnosed with inoperable pancreatic cancer, and that he had decided to forgo chemotherapy.</p>
<p>Ellsberg is best known as the whistleblower who leaked the Pentagon Papers, which helped hasten the end of the Vietnam War, and indirectly led to President Richard Nixon’s resignation. But his enduring passion — which he continued to work on almost until the day he died — was raising awareness about the genocide that would result from a nuclear war, a war he felt was all but inevitable.</p>
<p>Ellsberg is “the premier whistleblower in living memory,” said Edward Wasserman<strong>,</strong> professor of journalism and former dean of the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism. “One of the things people lose sight of is that this was a guy who was tracking to be in the most senior positions in the foreign policy establishment. He had all the credentials and capabilities to be Secretary of State, and he could have had a tremendous future in diplomacy and statesmanship. But he sacrificed all the things he had trained for and expected to do in order to do the right thing.” </p>
<p>The right thing, for Ellsberg, was the leaking of secret government documents related to the futility of the Vietnam War, in an effort to hasten its end. Ellsberg was put on trial under the Espionage Act and was facing 115 years in jail for his actions. (One of Ellsberg’s defense lawyers was Leonard Boudin, grandfather of Chesa Boudin, the former San Francisco district attorney.)</p>
<p>Ellsberg was only spared jail time because Nixon decided to have the Plumbers illegally break into his psychiatrist’s office in 1971, to look for information that would discredit Ellsberg. They found nothing. In 1972, the Plumbers went on to break into the offices of the Democratic National Committee at the Watergate building, and that became the scandal that led to Nixon’s resignation.</p>
<p dir="ltr" lang="en">My dear father, #DanielEllsberg, died this morning June 16 at 1:24 a.m., four months after his diagnosis with pancreatic cancer. His family surrounded him as he took his last breath. He had no pain and died peacefully at home. https://t.co/x5qm73LW3c pic.twitter.com/GTBqgAADYj</p>
<p>— @RobertEllsberg (@RobertEllsberg) June 16, 2023</p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-historical-figure"><strong>A historical figure</strong></h3>
<p>Wasserman began inviting Ellsberg to speak to his journalism students so they could learn about whistleblowers “from one of the most celebrated sources of the last half of the century.” While most of the students had not heard of Ellsberg before he came to their class, “the students just adored him,” Wasserman said. “He spoke for an hour, and after he finished they would keep him there for another hour asking questions,” Wasserman said. “He loved it. He was a very gracious, warm and humble person.” During his tenure as dean of the journalism school, Wasserman also asked Ellsberg to become a member of the school’s advisory board.</p>
<p>“He is a historical figure of real stature, and his demeanor was so magnetic the students were naturally drawn to him,” Wasserman said. “He would give accounts from the glory days at the Rand Corporation, telling stories involving characters they had never heard of: people like [former Secretary of State] Dean Rusk and [former Secretary of Defense] Robert McNamara.<strong>” </strong></p>
<p>As a military analyst at Rand, and later at the Pentagon, Ellsberg had the highest level of security clearance and also worked closely with National Security Adviser and later Secretary of State Henry Kissinger. It was Kissinger who called Ellsberg both “a genius” and, at a later time, “the most dangerous man in America.” Ellsberg both wrote and had access to top-secret documents that were meant to be read only by the President and his closest aides.</p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-pentagon-papers-in-berkeley"><strong>Pentagon Papers in Berkeley</strong></h3>
<p>When Ellsberg decided to leak the Pentagon Papers, he and his wife Patricia famously set about copying 7,000 documents, after carefully cutting off the “Top Secret” designation at the top. Because Ellsberg was afraid that the government might find out about those documents and seize them, he distributed copies around the country so that at least some could be saved. One set of documents, it turns out, was stashed away in Berkeley.</p>
<p>David Obst was an anti-war activist and Cal student at the time. He and Ellsberg had a mutual friend, so one day Ellsberg called him and asked for his help. “I told him I hated the war, and I would do anything I could to help stop it,” Obst said. “I didn’t hear back from him for a while, and then one day he called and said, ‘Have you seen today’s New York Times?’” The Pentagon Papers had started running in the paper that day. “It’s not great, because I have left copies all over the country,” Ellsberg told him.</p>
<p>Obst asked what he could do to help. “He says, go and get the copies,” Obst said. “I said, ‘Oh, sure.’” It turns out that one copy was in Berkeley (Obst doesn’t remember exactly where), and another copy was at Beacon’s Van and Storage in Los Angeles. “Ellsberg gave them permission to release it to me, and like an idiot, I gave them my real name. The FBI showed up two hours later.” </p>
<p>Obst managed to fly to Boston with the papers before then and hid in a hotel for three days. Eventually, Ellsberg got in touch with him and Obst gave him the documents. When Obst later became a literary agent, he convinced Ellsberg to hire him. Obst helped Ellsberg put together a book called Papers on the War. But, as it turns out, Ellsberg had writer’s block. This was the reason he was seeing a psychiatrist. “I was the last one to find out he had writer’s block,” Obst said. “The book finally got written, but it came out late.” </p>
<p>Ellsberg still had writer’s block decades later when he set out to write his fourth book, The Doomsday Machine: Confessions of a Nuclear War Planner. He later told Berkeleyside that the book had to be “pulled out of” him by his family.” “They said, ‘If you don’t write this book,  you will feel unfulfilled, and you will feel like a failure.’ I thought my family would think less of me. It was very hard, as with my other book, but we did manage to get it out, at great challenge to my health.”</p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-the-world-will-end"><strong>How the world will end</strong></h3>
<p>Even though Ellsberg lived in the East Bay for 40 years<strong>, </strong>most people had no idea that he lived in the area, and he was not recognized as he went about his daily life. “He kept a low profile,” Wasserman said. “His activism has been giving moral support to whistleblowers like Julian Assange, Chelsea Manning, and Edward Snowden. He gave them a certain aura of historical legitimacy by actively associating himself with them. He said they are doing now what he did then.”</p>
<p>Ellsberg had a Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University. His undergraduate and Ph.D. theses were on decision-making under uncertainty. The ideas he proposed were eventually called the Ellsberg Paradox, and became the subject of countless academic papers and conferences. </p>
<p>It was this interest in decision-making that allowed him to see and speak out against what he saw as the unacceptable risk of nuclear war.</p>
<p>“One day in the spring of 1961, soon after my 30th birthday, I was shown how our world would end,” he wrote in the opening sentence of The Doomsday Machine. He saw a top-secret graph from the Joint Chiefs of Staff intended for President John F. Kennedy which predicted that the death toll from a first nuclear strike would result in about 600 million deaths. “A hundred Holocausts,” he wrote. “I remember what I thought when I first held the single sheet with the graph on it. It should never have existed. Not in America. Not anywhere, ever.” From that day on, he wrote, “I have had one overriding life purpose: to prevent the execution of any such plan.”</p>
<p>Despite Ellsberg’s 60 years of activism and advocacy on this issue, the nuclear danger is now higher than ever. The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists just recently moved the hands of the symbolic Doomsday Clock forward to 90 seconds to midnight, “the closest to global catastrophe it has ever been.” When Berkeleyside interviewed Ellsberg in 2018, after the publication of his book, the clock was set at 2 minutes to midnight. While the current danger has been heightened by Russian President Vladimir Putin’s threats to use tactical nuclear weapons in the Ukraine war, Ellsberg pointed out that almost every American president since President Truman has also threatened the use of nuclear power, either implicitly or explicitly.</p>
<p>Ellsberg has no delusions about the very real possibility of nuclear war. He told Berkeleyside that the chance of us “getting through another century is small, maybe 1 or 2%.” And yet, he told New York Magazine that “for me doing what I’m doing doesn’t take a whole lot of hope. A little uncertainty is enough to keep me going.” In his estimation, he worked all those decades to possibly reduce the chance of a nuclear holocaust from 98% to 96%.</p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-living-saint"><strong>Living saint</strong></h3>
<p>“Ellsberg has a fair claim to be called a living saint,” said Steve Wasserman (no relation to Edward Wasserman), publisher of Heyday books. “He did something absolutely in the tradition of Martin Luther King or Mahatma Gandhi — he put his body on the line, repeatedly.” Steve Wasserman first met Ellsberg at a distance during his trial 50 years ago, but later, as an editor, he participated in several major anniversaries of the release of the Pentagon Papers.</p>
<p>Since releasing the Pentagon Papers, Ellsberg was arrested more than 70 times in acts of nonviolent civil disobedience in the U.S. and abroad. The majority of the arrests, but not all, were focused on protesting nuclear weapons. In 1995, at the age of 64, he fasted during the entire 26 days of the Non-Proliferation Treaty conference, maintaining a daily presence outside the United Nations in New York and lobbying with delegations inside the conference rooms. In 2011, at the age of 80, Ellsberg spent the night in a tent on Berkeley’s Sproul Plaza in support of the Occupy Cal movement.</p>
<p>“Ellsberg did something absolutely in the tradition of Martin Luther King or Mahatma Gandhi — he put his body on the line, repeatedly.” — Steve Wasserman</p>
<p>“What was Dan Ellsberg’s great crime, deserving of 115 years in prison?” Steve Wasserman asked. “He broke ranks with the class he was supposed to serve, for which he had been trained, and which he had embraced. He began to question the masters of war he had so loyally served, and applied all his brilliance to trying to understand the questions which, in their lethal enormity, began to inflame his imagination and overwhelm his heart.”</p>
<p>Despite the political shunning, Ellsberg was awarded several prestigious awards in his lifetime. In 1978, he accepted the Gandhi Peace Award for Promoting Enduring Peace. He was awarded the inaugural Ron Ridenhour Courage Prize in 2004, a prize established by The Nation Institute and the Fertel Foundation. In 2006, he was awarded the Right Livelihood Award, known as the Alternative Nobel Prize, for “putting peace and truth first, at considerable personal risk, and dedicating his life to inspiring others to follow his example.” He received the Dresden Peace Prize in 2016, and the Olof Palme Prize in 2018. </p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-virtue-ethics"><strong>Virtue ethics</strong></h3>
<p>“My impression of Dan on the basis of his behavior is that there are two things one must try to do: Be kind to others, and do the right thing so you can sleep well at night,” Steve Wasserman said. Ellsberg was “stalwart and determined” his whole life — he did not burn out. “He was in it for the long haul, not for the 15 minutes of fame.”</p>
<p>In a recent interview with The New York Times, Ellsberg said, “My work of the past 40 years to avert the prospects of nuclear war has little to show for it. But I wanted to say that I could think of no better way to use my time and that as I face the end of my life, I feel joy and gratitude.”</p>
<p>While some might feel bitterness at the futility of such a long-term effort, Ellsberg seemingly did not. “There is a profound difference between an ethics built on the consequences of action, and virtue ethics,” Edward Wasserman said. “Dan is very much a virtue ethics guy. He believes that the intrinsic value of certain actions. He has no control over the consequences, but he has control over the actions he takes.”</p>
<p>Steve Wasserman agrees. Ellsberg was “never the leader of anything except his own conscience,” he said. “But he had an undiminished lust for life. You feel in his presence a deep commitment to a certain joy in life. He stands for life against death.”</p>
<p>Rep. Barbara Lee released a statement, calling Ellsberg “a courageous truth teller who exposed the United States’ lies about the Vietnam war and continued to fight to protect our democracy.”</p>
<p>“I was fortunate enough to honor Dan a few months ago at his University of Massachusetts honorary degree ceremony. His support has always been uplifting. I’m heartbroken at his loss, but I know he has inspired countless people across the world to stand up for what is right.”</p>
<p>Ellsberg, who appeared in public in Berkeley as recently as April at the Logan Symposium where he received a standing ovation, is survived by his wife Patricia; children Robert, Mary, and Michael Ellsberg; and five grandchildren. </p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com/daniel-ellsberg-whistleblower-behind-the-pentagon-papers-dies-at-92/">Daniel Ellsberg, whistleblower behind the Pentagon Papers, dies at 92</a> appeared first on <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com">DAILY SAN FRANCISCO BAY NEWS</a>.</p>
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		<title>Pentagon Papers leaker dies at 92</title>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Jun 2023 23:08:02 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Daniel Ellsberg ist heute im Alter von 92 Jahren gestorben. Er war vor allem für die Weitergabe der Pentagon Papers bekannt, der streng geheimen Geschichte des Verteidigungsministeriums über den Vietnamkrieg, eine Tat, die Whistleblower für das nächste halbe Jahrhundert und darüber hinaus inspirierte. Ellsberg entwickelte sich vom Falken des Kalten Krieges zum Antikriegsaktivisten, vom Insider &#8230;</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com/pentagon-papers-leaker-dies-at-92/">Pentagon Papers leaker dies at 92</a> appeared first on <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com">DAILY SAN FRANCISCO BAY NEWS</a>.</p>
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<p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="38" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/clido9lg5003jenm3mhgd8hc7@published">Daniel Ellsberg ist heute im Alter von 92 Jahren gestorben. Er war vor allem für die Weitergabe der Pentagon Papers bekannt, der streng geheimen Geschichte des Verteidigungsministeriums über den Vietnamkrieg, eine Tat, die Whistleblower für das nächste halbe Jahrhundert und darüber hinaus inspirierte.</p>
<p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="82" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/clidoe1ta001l3b6uazs3iox5@published">Ellsberg entwickelte sich vom Falken des Kalten Krieges zum Antikriegsaktivisten, vom Insider zum Außenseiter, vom Geheimniswahrer zum Geheimnisverräter.  Dennoch behielt er durch die Transformationen die Denkmuster seines früheren Ichs bei – er konnte seine einst vertretenen Ansichten so überzeugend artikulieren und sie widerlegen oder verfeinern wie jeder Experte auf beiden Seiten des Arguments.  Und in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten schrieb er zwei Memoiren – Secrets und The Doomsday Machine –, die zu den besten Chroniken eines Lebens zählen, das in unser gemeinsames Erbe des Kalten Krieges versunken ist und sich damit auseinandersetzt.</p>
<p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="71" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/clidoe1wr001m3b6umjr6c2oe@published">Es war im Jahr 1969, als Ellsberg – ein Verteidigungsanalyst bei der RAND Corporation, der gerade von einer desillusionierenden zweijährigen Tätigkeit als Beamter des Außenministeriums in Vietnam zurückgekehrt war – beschloss, die 7.000-seitige Studie über den Krieg zu stehlen und zu fotokopieren veränderte nicht nur sein eigenes Leben, sondern auch den Lauf der amerikanischen Geschichte.  (Er hatte eine Kopie des geheimen Berichts in seinem Safe bei RAND, einer von der Air Force finanzierten Denkfabrik.)</p>
<p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="106" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/clidoe1zg001n3b6uzbu5rvqj@published">Die Studie, die Verteidigungsminister Robert McNamara in Auftrag gegeben hatte, enthielt interne Dokumente, aus denen hervorgeht, dass hochrangige Beamte, darunter McNamara, schon sehr früh wussten, dass der Krieg ein hoffnungsloser Fehler war, sie aber trotzdem um ihrer selbst willen Soldaten schickten, um zu kämpfen, zu töten und zu sterben der amerikanischen „Glaubwürdigkeit“.  Wenn die Öffentlichkeit diese Dokumente lesen könnte, dachte Ellsberg, würde sie sich gegen den Krieg erheben.  Zunächst bot er einigen Antikriegs-Senatoren Kopien an, aber diese wollten nichts damit zu tun haben.  Schließlich gab er es Neil Sheehan von der New York Times, die am 13. Juni 1971 den ersten Teil einer Reihe von Zusammenfassungen und Auszügen auf der Titelseite veröffentlichte.</p>
<p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="61" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/clidoe229001o3b6ublolaash@published">Das Justizministerium von Präsident Nixon reichte einen Antrag ein, die weitere Veröffentlichung zu stoppen.  Andere Zeitungen, darunter die Washington Post, machten dort weiter, wo die Times aufgehört hatte, und auch sie wurden mit einer einstweiligen Verfügung belegt.  Am 30. Juni entschied der Oberste Gerichtshof gegen die Maßnahme der Regierung – eine massive Bekräftigung der First Amendment-Rechte einer Zeitung – und die Times nahm zusammen mit vielen anderen Zeitungen ihre Veröffentlichung wieder auf.</p>
<p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="54" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/clidoe251001p3b6u8fpi82hh@published">Zu diesem Zeitpunkt trat Ellsberg als Quelle der Dokumente hervor.  Ihm und seinem RAND-Kollegen Anthony Russo wurden elf Bundesverbrechen vorgeworfen, darunter ein Verstoß gegen das Spionagegesetz.  Als ein Reporter ihn fragte, ob er bereit sei, ins Gefängnis zu gehen, antwortete Ellsberg ruhig: „Würden Sie nicht ins Gefängnis gehen, um diesen Krieg zu beenden?“</p>
<p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="59" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/clidoe27m001q3b6u8hql252t@published">Wahrscheinlich hätten er und Russo ihre Strafe abgesessen – was sie auch erwartet hatten –, wenn Nixon dem vorsitzenden Richter Matthew Byrne nicht, als der Verhandlungstermin 1973 näher rückte, einen Traumjob in Washington angeboten hätte.  Byrne interpretierte dies als einen Versuch, die Justiz zu manipulieren, und erklärte das Gerichtsverfahren für ungültig.  Ellsberg war frei und wandte sich einem Leben voller öffentlicher Reden, Schriften und Proteste zu.</p>
<p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="93" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/clidoe2a5001r3b6u4g20cf80@published">Ungefähr zu dieser Zeit stellte sich heraus, dass Nixon 1971, als Ellsberg sich stellte, seinen Adjutanten befohlen hatte, „diesen Hurensohn zu holen“ (wie man ihn auf einer der berühmten Kassetten des Weißen Hauses sagen hört).  Eine Möglichkeit, ihn zu „schnappen“, bestand darin, in die Praxis seines Psychiaters einzubrechen.  Die Tat wurde von einer Gruppe angeheuerter Handlanger – darunter E. Howard Hunt und G. Gordon Liddy – begangen, die sich selbst „Klempner“ nannten.  Dieselbe Gruppe führte später den Watergate-Einbruch durch, der schließlich zu Nixons erzwungenem Rücktritt vom Amt führte.</p>
<p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="74" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/clidoe2cs001s3b6ukiwomdhy@published">Am Ende hatte Ellsbergs Enthüllung also mehr – und dramatischere – Konsequenzen, als er sich vorgestellt hatte.  Es eröffnete einen kritischen öffentlichen Dialog über die US-Außenpolitik, löste ein Urteil des Obersten Gerichtshofs aus, das das Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung erweiterte, inspirierte Zeitungen zu mutigeren Ermittlungen gegen Amtsinhaber und beendete – indirekt – Nixons Präsidentschaft.  Schließlich veranlasste die ganze Reihe von Skandalen die Öffentlichkeit dazu, demokratische Mehrheiten für beide Kammern des Kongresses zu wählen, was 1975 die weitere Finanzierung des Vietnamkrieges stoppte.</p>
<p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="9" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/clidoe2fj001t3b6up610yat0@published">Für Ellsberg war es – auf einem unwahrscheinlichen Umweg – die Mission erfüllt.</p>
<p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="175" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/clidoe2i0001u3b6ut9k9byuj@published">Der Einbruch in die Praxis des Psychiaters wurde in vielen Berichten über Ellsbergs Leben missverstanden.  Der Zweck des Einbruchs bestand nicht darin, peinliche Geheimnisse zu finden, die seinen Charakter diskreditieren könnten.  Vielmehr ging es darum, zu sehen, wie groß die Bedrohung war, die er darstellte.  Nixons nationaler Sicherheitsberater Henry Kissinger wusste, dass Ellsberg als RAND-Analyst in den späten 1950er Jahren eine Studie über die kompliziertesten Details des US-Atomkriegsplans geleitet hatte – und das als Pentagon-Berater in den frühen 60er Jahren Er hatte dazu beigetragen, die Grundzüge der Atomkriegspolitik neu zu formulieren.  Kurz gesagt, Ellsberg kannte viele wirklich wichtige Geheimnisse.  Nixon und Kissinger hielten ihn für einen Kanonenjäger und fragten sich, ob er diese Geheimnisse möglicherweise an ausländische Agenten weitergab.  Wenn ja, würde er es vielleicht seinem Psychiater erzählen, den er zu diesem Zeitpunkt an vier Tagen in der Woche aufsuchte.  Aus diesem Grund kam es zu dem Einbruch – und aus diesem Grund nannte Kissinger (der sich zu sehr auf sein Anwesen stützte) Ellsberg einst „den gefährlichsten Mann Amerikas“.  (Die Klempner fanden übrigens keine belastenden Beweise.)</p>
<p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="41" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/clidoe2ki001v3b6u2mer1774@published">Ellsberg sprach erst Ende der 1970er-Jahre, nachdem der Vietnamkrieg zu Ende war und die Debatten über das Atomwaffenarsenal zum ersten Mal seit Jahrzehnten wieder die Öffentlichkeit zu erregen begannen, zumindest nicht in der Öffentlichkeit viel über diesen Teil seines Lebens.</p>
<p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="79" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/clidoe2n2001w3b6u4d2t4ujn@published">Ich traf Dan zum ersten Mal am 3. September 1980, als ich mit der Recherche für ein Buch über die Geschichte der Nuklearstrategie begann, das später den Titel „Die Zauberer von Armageddon“ trug.  Ich fuhr zu seinem Haus in Stinson Beach, eine Stunde nördlich von San Francisco, um ihn über seine Beteiligung an der Geschichte zu interviewen, blieb schließlich zwölf Stunden und füllte zwei Notizbücher.  (Sechs Wochen später trafen wir uns in Washington wieder und unterhielten uns weitere zweieinhalb Stunden.)</p>
<p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="49" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/clidoe2pm001x3b6uwt2s75tk@published">Es stellte sich heraus, dass Ellsberg für einige entscheidende Jahre in der späten Eisenhower- und frühen Kennedy-Ära im Mittelpunkt dieser Geschichte stand und sein Gedächtnis hervorragend war.  Alles, was er mir erzählte, ob groß oder klein, wurde anhand anderer Quellen oder, noch häufiger, anhand von Dokumenten überprüft, deren Geheimhaltung ich freigegeben hatte.</p>
<p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="127" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/clidoe2s7001y3b6u0qar87jz@published">Ein Beispiel: Irgendwann erzählte er mir von einem wenig bekannten Dokument namens „Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan“ (JSCP), das 1958 von den Vereinigten Stabschefs unterzeichnet wurde und erklärte, dass jeder Krieg zwischen den Vereinigten Staaten und der Sowjetunion unbedingt notwendig sei von Anfang an ein Atomkrieg sein.  Der Schlüssel dazu, sagte er mir, sei die Definition des JSCP von „allgemeinem Krieg“.  Er schaute nach oben, als würde er sein Gedächtnis durchforsten (er hatte das Dokument seit fast 20 Jahren nicht mehr gesehen) und rezitierte die Definition.  Einige Monate später fand ich das JSCP, freigegeben und tief vergraben in der Abteilung für modernes Militär des Nationalarchivs.  Von den 25 Wörtern des Satzes, an die sich Ellsberg erinnert hatte, hatte er 22 genau richtig verstanden und lag bei den anderen drei nur geringfügig daneben.</p>
<p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="138" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/clidoe2uu001z3b6ui1siuo5c@published">Wir unterhielten uns in den folgenden 43 Jahren viele Male (nicht immer einer Meinung) und aßen normalerweise, oft mit unseren Frauen, zusammen, wenn er nach New York kam.  Er verfügte über einen unerschöpflichen Fundus an Witzen, vor allem über jüdische und christlich-wissenschaftliche Witze, die er sehr geschickt vortrug.  (Seine Eltern waren aschkenasische Juden, die zur Christlichen Wissenschaft konvertierten.) In unerwarteten Momenten zauberte er Zaubertricks aus seinem Ärmel.  In seiner Jugend hatte er eine Ausbildung zum Konzertpianisten gemacht, mehrere Stunden am Tag geübt und an kaum etwas anderes gedacht – bis er 15 war, als seine Mutter, die seine musikalische Ausbildung gefördert hatte, bei einem Autounfall ums Leben kam.  Danach, so erzählte er mir einmal, hörte er auf zu spielen (obwohl er sich auch in späteren Lebensjahren immer noch ans Klavier setzen und elegant Stücke von Beethoven und Bach bis zu den Beatles auswählen konnte).</p>
<p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="192" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/clidoe2xn00203b6un5kmp34k@published">Das letzte Mal habe ich Mitte März in einem 90-minütigen Zoom-Chat mit ihm gesprochen, ein paar Wochen nachdem er seine Diagnose eines inoperablen Bauchspeicheldrüsenkrebses bekannt gegeben hatte, und es war, als ob nichts Ungewöhnliches passierte.  Wir diskutierten über den Krieg in der Ukraine, die Anzeichen eines neuen nuklearen Wettrüstens und einige Kleinigkeiten, die er gerade über den Vietnamkrieg erfahren hatte (eine nie endende Obsession).  Er war entmutigt darüber, dass die Welt eine so gewalttätige, instabile Wende nahm, gerade als er kurz vor dem Abschied stand.  Dennoch hatte er einen kleinen Hoffnungsschimmer.  „Hier und da hat es Wunder gegeben“, bemerkte er und verwies auf Nelson Mandelas Aufstieg an die Macht in Südafrika nach der Apartheid, Václav Havels Vertreibung kommunistischer Herrscher in der Tschechoslowakei und die erstaunliche Tatsache, die er zu Beginn nie für möglich gehalten hätte seiner Karriere – dass seit dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs niemand mehr eine einzige Atombombe in Kriegszeiten gezündet hatte.  Als er 1960 im Alter von 29 Jahren zur RAND Corporation kam, hatte er deren großzügige Pensionsregelung abgelehnt, weil er davon ausgegangen war, dass er und alle anderen in einem Atomkrieg umkommen würden, bevor die Prämien abbezahlt waren.</p>
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<p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="161" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/clidoe30d00213b6uyvbho0rf@published">Während dieses Gesprächs schien er, selbst während er über die geopolitische Düsternis nachdachte, in erstaunlich guter Stimmung zu sein.  Ich fragte, wie das unter den gegebenen Umständen sein könnte.  Er erklärte, dass er sich in den letzten fünf Jahren wegen einer schweren Herzerkrankung salzfrei ernährt habe;  Jetzt hatte ihm sein Kardiologe gesagt, er könne sich genauso gut austoben, also genoss er Köstlichkeiten, die er seit Ewigkeiten nicht mehr gegessen hatte.  Er hatte vor unserem Anruf gerade einen Mohnbagel mit Lachs gegessen und fühlte sich wunderbar.  Er hörte auch von alten Freunden, kleinen Bekannten und Leuten, die er nicht kannte, die ihm alle alles Gute wünschten und ihm für seine Dienste dankten.  Mehr als ein Dutzend Zeitungen und Fernsehsender riefen ihn zu Interviews auf – ein Dutzend letzte Gelegenheiten, seine Ansichten darzulegen, insbesondere zu den Gefahren eines Atomkriegs und zur Notwendigkeit von mehr Whistleblowern überall, nicht nur in den USA. Die Erschütterungen hatten ihn gemacht das Gefühl, dass er ein würdiges Leben geführt hat – und immer noch führt.</p>
<p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="42" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/clidoe33a00223b6ununkhbcx@published">„Manche Leute sagen, du solltest so leben, als ob heute dein letzter Tag wäre“, sagte mir Dan gegen Ende unseres Zoom-Chats.  „Nun, das ist unmöglich.  Aber so zu leben, als ob es Ihr letzter Monat wäre – das kann ich nur empfehlen.“</p>
<p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="62" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/clidoe35s00233b6udw6xqlzo@published">Er hinterlässt seine Frau Patricia, die bei ihrem ersten Treffen Mitte der 1960er-Jahre dazu beitrug, seinen Hang zu radikalen Ansichten über die Außenpolitik zu schärfen.  seine Söhne Robert, Chefredakteur von Orbis Books, Herausgeber zahlreicher Werke zur Befreiungstheologie, und Michael, Schriftsteller und Dozent;  seine Tochter Mary, eine Epidemiologin, die Pionierarbeit im Bereich Gewalt gegen Frauen geleistet hat;  und mehrere <span class="slate-paragraph--tombstone">Enkelkinder.</span></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com/pentagon-papers-leaker-dies-at-92/">Pentagon Papers leaker dies at 92</a> appeared first on <a href="https://dailysanfranciscobaynews.com">DAILY SAN FRANCISCO BAY NEWS</a>.</p>
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