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Highlights

• A plumber typically makes between $37,250 and $101,190 per year, and the national average is around $60,090.
• The exact salary a plumber earns will depend on their education level, experience, skills, and geographic location.
• An apprentice plumber is likely to make closer to the low end of the salary range, while journeyman and master plumbers will earn more due to their experience and credentials.

Plumbing can be a rewarding and lucrative career. But exactly how much do plumbers get paid? The average plumber salary can vary based on several factors such as location, level of experience, and specialization. Typically, plumbers undergo training at a plumbing school or through an apprenticeship program. Once they’ve gained the necessary skills and certifications, they can start working as professionals.

Plumbers can earn either an hourly rate or an annual salary, depending on the type of work they do. How much do plumbers charge per hour? The plumber hourly rate can vary widely, but according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, it falls between $17.91 and $48.65 per hour, with the national average at $28.89. Journeyman plumbers, who have completed their apprenticeship and gained a certain level of experience, earn more than entry-level plumbers. A journeyman plumber salary is approximately $65,448 per year.

Master plumbers, who have even more experience and expertise, can command a higher salary. A master plumber’s salary can go well above $100,000, depending on their location and the demand for their services. It’s important to note that plumbers may also charge different rates for emergency or specialized services, which can affect their overall earnings.

“When I began my plumbing career about 30 years ago, my earnings were in the ballpark of $25,000 to $30,000 annually,” explains Andrew Miles, CEO at WaterFilterCast.com. “In the current market, a regular plumber might expect to make between $55,000 and $60,000. Master plumbers, with their additional expertise and responsibilities, tend to earn significantly more, often pulling in upwards of $70,000 to $80,000 or more annually, depending on their location and clientele.”

The average cost of a plumber also varies by state. In areas with high demand for plumbing services and a higher cost of living, plumbers tend to earn more. For instance, plumbers in California or New York often have higher salaries compared with those in less densely populated or lower-cost states.

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics shows that the median income for plumbers in the United States is approximately $60,090 per year. This figure can significantly change based on factors such as location, specialization, and the individual plumber’s experience and qualifications. For those considering a career in plumbing, it’s essential to research the local market and understand the potential earning opportunities that are available.

Factors in Calculating the Average Plumber Salary 

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How much money do plumbers make? Calculating the average licensed plumber salary involves taking into account several key factors that contribute to the considerable variation in earning across different regions. The national average plumber salary provides a useful starting point, but it can significantly differ from state to state due to a plumber’s education and experience level, any additional skills they may have, and geographic location.

Education Level

The importance of education level in determining plumber rates per hour cannot be overstated. While plumbing is often associated with hands-on skills and practical experience, the level of education a plumber attains can have a significant impact on their earning potential.

• Training and certification. Plumbers typically start their careers by attending plumbing schools, taking one of the best online plumbing courses, or completing apprenticeship programs. These educational paths provide them with the fundamental knowledge and skills required to excel in the field. Upon completing these programs and obtaining the necessary certifications, plumbers are better positioned to command higher wages. Many employers prefer hiring plumbers who have received formal training and passed licensing exams, which often translates to a higher average salary.
• Specialization. Plumbing is a diverse field, encompassing areas such as residential plumbing, commercial plumbing, pipe fitting, and more. Plumbers who pursue additional education and specialization in specific areas within the industry often command higher salaries. For instance, a plumber with expertise in medical gas systems or sustainable plumbing solutions may find higher-paying job opportunities.
• Advancement opportunities. Higher education can also open doors to more advanced positions within the plumbing industry, such as becoming a master plumber or plumbing contractor. These roles typically come with increased responsibilities and higher compensation.
• Professional development. Continuing education and staying updated on the latest plumbing technologies and techniques are essential for maintaining a competitive edge in the field. Plumbers who invest in ongoing education are more likely to earn higher salaries due to their ability to offer modern solutions and adapt to industry changes.
• Regulatory requirements. In many regions, plumbers are required to meet specific educational and licensing requirements. Meeting these regulatory standards not only ensures that plumbers are qualified to perform their work but can also influence their earning potential.

Experience Level

Experience level is another important factor in determining plumber salary by state. Plumbers, like many other professions, see a significant impact on their earnings based on the number of years they have spent in the field. Experience level is vital for a few reasons.

• Skill development. Experience brings with it a deepening of skills and expertise. Plumbers who have worked in the field for many years have encountered a wide range of plumbing issues and have developed effective problem-solving skills. Those who have the ability to diagnose and address complex plumbing problems often command higher wages too.
• Efficiency and productivity. Experienced plumbers tend to work more efficiently and complete tasks more quickly. This not only benefits employers by reducing labor costs but also enables plumbers to take on more jobs, which can translate into higher income.
• Client trust. Experienced plumbers often have a track record of successful jobs and satisfied clients. Building trust in the industry can lead to a loyal customer base, repeat business, and referrals, all of which contribute to higher earnings.
• Specialization. Over time, plumbers may choose to specialize in specific areas of plumbing, such as gas line installation, sustainable plumbing, or high-end residential projects. Specialization can lead to a niche market where experienced professionals can earn higher fees due to their unique expertise.

According to James De Meo, master plumber and HVAC engineer at This Fixed House, “With the right level of training and hands-on experience, plumbers can earn a good salary starting from $30,000 to $40,000 for entry-level plumbers with 1 to 2 years experience.” From there, plumbers can expect their salary to increase as they gain more experience in the field. As De Meo explains, “Journeyman plumbers with a good level of practical experience [can] command $40,000 to $60,000, [while master plumbers can make] $60,000 to $100,000+, and even higher for professionals who transition into running their own business.”

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Additional Skills

While core plumbing skills are essential, plumbers who possess supplementary skills are often more versatile, competitive, and in demand in the job market, which ultimately leads to higher earnings.

• Diversification of services. Plumbers with additional skills, such as welding, HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) expertise, or knowledge of sustainable plumbing practices, can offer a broader range of services. This diversification allows them to take on a wider variety of projects, attract more clients, and command higher rates for specialized work.
• Increased demand. As technology and environmental concerns continue to shape the plumbing industry, skills related to energy-efficient systems and eco-friendly solutions are becoming increasingly sought after. Plumbers with expertise in these areas are well-positioned to meet the growing demand for green plumbing solutions, which can translate to a higher plumber wage.
• Problem-solving. Additional skills often enhance a plumber’s problem-solving abilities. A plumber who can address complex issues, such as troubleshooting sophisticated HVAC systems or implementing smart water-saving technologies, is seen as an invaluable resource. Clients are willing to pay more for professionals who can deliver innovative and efficient solutions.
• Safety and compliance. Skills related to safety and compliance with industry regulations are essential. Plumbers who are well versed in safety protocols, local building codes, and industry standards can reduce the risk of costly mistakes and ensure that projects are completed to the highest standards. Clients are willing to invest more in plumbers who prioritize safety and compliance.
• Advanced certifications. Many additional skills come with the opportunity to obtain advanced certifications, which can further validate a plumber’s expertise. These certifications often come with higher earning potential, as they indicate a higher level of proficiency and commitment to ongoing professional development.
• Niche markets. Plumbers with specialized skills can tap into niche markets, such as medical gas systems, industrial plumbing, or luxury home installations. In these markets, the demand for specialized knowledge often results in premium compensation.

Geographic Location

Geographic location plays a crucial role in determining the average hourly rate for a plumber. Plumbers’ earnings can vary significantly from one region to another due to several key factors.

• Cost of living. The cost of living in a given area has a direct impact on plumber salaries. In regions with a high cost of living, such as major cities like New York or San Francisco, plumbers tend to make higher wages to cover their living expenses. Conversely, salaries may be adjusted accordingly in areas with a lower cost of living.
• Market demand. The demand for services from the best plumbing companies can differ widely depending on the region. Areas experiencing rapid population growth, construction booms, or a high density of commercial enterprises often have a greater need for plumbing services. Plumbers in these locations may see higher wages due to increased demand for their skills.
• Regulations and licensing. Licensing requirements and regulations for plumbers can vary by state or municipality. Plumbers in regions with more stringent licensing and certification requirements may have an advantage when it comes to salary negotiation since their qualifications are more in demand.
• Competition. The level of competition among plumbers in a specific area can affect salaries. In highly competitive markets, plumbers may need to offer competitive rates to attract clients. In regions with fewer plumbers, professionals may be able to charge higher rates for their services.
• Climate and seasonal variations. Climate and weather conditions can also impact the need for plumbing services. In regions with harsh winters, plumbers may be busier dealing with frozen pipes and heating systems, potentially leading to higher salaries during certain seasons.
• Local economic factors. The overall economic health of a region can influence salaries. In areas with a strong economy and a thriving construction industry, plumbers may find higher-paying job opportunities, since more projects are available.

Average Plumber Salary by Type of Plumber

The average plumber salary can vary significantly based on the level of expertise and experience. Plumbers typically fall into one of three categories: apprentice, journeyman, or master plumber. Each of these types of plumbers commands different hourly rates and salaries, reflecting their skills, qualifications, and responsibilities. Those who are interested in becoming a plumber will want to understand how these distinctions affect earnings and the associated salary ranges.

Apprentice

Apprentice plumbers are in the early stages of their plumbing careers and are still in the process of learning the trade. They work under the guidance of journeymen or master plumbers. Apprentice plumbers typically earn the lowest wages in the plumbing profession, and the national average for an apprentice plumber is about $46,813.

Journeyman

Journeyman plumbers have completed their apprenticeship and acquired the necessary licenses. They can work independently but may still need some oversight, depending on the complexity of the job. Journeyman plumbers earn significantly more than apprentices due to their increased skills and independence. The national average for journeyman plumber salaries is typically $65,448 annually, depending on location and experience.

Master

Master plumbers are highly experienced professionals who have attained the highest level of licensing and expertise in the plumbing field. They can work independently on complex projects and may also supervise other plumbers. Master plumbers tend to have the highest average salaries among plumbers. Their earnings can exceed $100,000 per year, with some earning well into six figures. The exact salary depends on their specialization, reputation, location, and demand for their services.

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How to Increase Your Plumber Salary

Increasing your plumber salary is a goal that many in the field aspire to achieve. By focusing on these strategies, you can incrementally increase your plumber salary and achieve your financial goals in this essential profession.

• Gain experience. The more experience you accumulate, the more valuable you become as a plumber. With time, you’ll develop expertise in handling a wide range of plumbing challenges, and clients are often willing to pay more for the confidence that an experienced plumber brings to the job.
• Pursue specialization. Consider specializing in specific areas of plumbing, such as HVAC systems, medical gas systems, or sustainable plumbing practices. Specialized knowledge can set you apart in the market and allow you to command higher rates for your expertise.
• Obtain advanced certifications. Acquiring advanced certifications, such as becoming a certified master plumber, can significantly boost your earning potential. These certifications often indicate a higher level of skill and professionalism, for which clients are willing to pay extra.
• Stay current with technology. Plumbing technology is constantly evolving. Keeping up with the latest tools, techniques, and the best plumbing software (such as Jobber) can make you more efficient, leading to the completion of more jobs and, ultimately, higher income.
• Provide exceptional customer service. Satisfied customers are more likely to recommend your services and become repeat clients. Building a reputation for exceptional customer service can lead to a steady stream of well-paying jobs.
• Network and market. Building a strong professional network and effectively marketing your services can lead to increased opportunities. Contractors and clients often prefer to work with plumbers they know and trust, so networking is essential for growing your clientele.
• Consider self-employment. Running your own plumbing business can be financially rewarding but it also comes with added responsibilities, so be prepared to handle the business side of plumbing as well.
• Explore high-demand markets. Research regions with a high demand for plumbing services, where the cost of living is higher. These areas often offer better opportunities for plumbers to earn more.
• Offer emergency services. Providing 24/7 emergency plumbing services can lead to higher rates, as clients are often willing to pay a premium for immediate assistance during a plumbing crisis.
• Invest in tools and equipment. High-quality tools and equipment can improve your efficiency and productivity. In turn, this can enable you to take on more projects and boost your income.

FAQs

Plumbing is a diverse and indispensable profession, but the earning potential for plumbers can vary based on numerous factors. Whether you’re considering a career in plumbing, looking to understand the salary range, or seeking ways to increase your earnings in the field, these frequently asked questions aim to provide valuable insights into the range of plumbing salaries.

Q. Do plumbers make good money?

Yes, plumbers can make good money, but it depends on various factors. Plumbing is a skilled trade that offers the potential for a comfortable income. The earning potential of plumbers is influenced by their level of experience, geographic location, specialization, and the demand for their services. On average, plumbers can make between $37,250 to $101,190, with the national average at $60,090.

Q. Can plumbers make a six-figure salary?

Yes, plumbers can make a six-figure salary. While the income of plumbers can vary widely, those with substantial experience, advanced certifications, and specialized expertise can often earn six figures or more annually. Master plumbers, in particular, who have reached the highest level of expertise and qualifications, often command high salaries, especially if they operate in regions with a strong demand for their services and higher cost of living. The average plumber annual salary in the United States is about $60,090.

Q. Are plumbers in high demand in the USA?

While the demand for plumbers is generally high across the United States, it can vary by region. Urban areas and regions with strong construction and industrial sectors tend to have a particularly robust demand for plumbing services. Overall, the plumbing profession continues to offer solid career prospects and job security due to its essential nature in maintaining the nation’s infrastructure and quality of life.

Q. What state has the most plumbers?

The state with the most plumbers can vary over time due to changing demographics, population growth, and economic factors. Traditionally, states with larger populations and higher levels of construction and infrastructure development tend to have more plumbers. States such as California, Texas, Florida, New York, and Pennsylvania often have substantial numbers of plumbers due to their size and economic activity.

California, in particular, is known for having a significant number of plumbers due to its large population and booming construction industry. The demand for plumbing services in California, with its diverse and expansive real estate and commercial development, has been historically high.

Q. What type of plumbing work is the highest paying?

Based on the percentage of industry employment, petroleum and coal products manufacturing is typically the sector where plumbing services can potentially yield the highest income. This industry involves the production of petroleum and coal-based products, which often include complex infrastructure and specialized plumbing systems for the safe transportation and handling of hazardous materials.

The petroleum and coal manufacturing industry may require plumbers with expertise in handling and maintaining intricate systems related to storage tanks, pipelines, and safety mechanisms. Given the high stakes involved in the petroleum industry, plumbers who have specialized knowledge and experience are often well compensated. It’s important to note that the income potential can also vary based on location, experience, certifications, and the specific demands of each job.

Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Field Complete

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Landlords in San Francisco inked 389 legally recorded tenant buyout agreements last year, as mapped above, effectively equal to the 391 agreements inked in 2021 but with 618 “pre-buyout negotiation” forms having been newly disclosed as well.

The highest reported buyout agreement totaled $460,000 last year, according to our queries of the City’s database, a total which was split between two holdout tenants in a six-unit building in Pacific Heights, with the largest payout per tenant totaling $300,000 for one of two units in a Pacific Heights duplex that was acquired with the tenant in early 2021.

The average reported buyout agreement in San Francisco totaled $53,828 last year, according to our queries, with an average payout of $35,720 per tenant, which was up from an average agreement of $46,676 and $29,270 per tenant in 2021, which was up from an average agreement of $44,714 and $29,216 per tenant in 2020.

And for the fifth year in a row, the Mission was the San Francisco neighborhood with the most inked buyout agreements (49), followed by the Sunset (42) for the second year in a row and now trailed by Ingleside (33), Haight-Ashbury (29), the Inner Richmond (26), Eureka Valley (25) and Parkside (22).

We’ll keep you posted and plugged-in.

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Workers in big cities save even more by avoiding the office. kali9 – Getty Images

Between a morning coffee, a subway ride, and a bowl of stale roasted vegetables, the cost of going to the office can skyrocket. That’s not just a drop in the bucket — workers in big cities are spending thousands of dollars less when working from home, according to the latest report from Work From Home Research.

The researchers asked respondents how much money they spent on meals, shopping, and entertainment near the office on a typical day in 2019, and calculated the average amount of work-from-home work from June 2022 to November 2022. This helped them to determine annual inflation. adjusted loss of spending per worker in the top 12 metropolitan areas.

Workers in New York City are seeing the largest reduction in spending, averaging $4,661 less per year. It makes sense – in times of high inflation, the Big Apple ranks as the most expensive city in the world. Meanwhile, Philadelphia workers are spending $2,161 less a year. Here’s how much the average worker saves by working from home in the top 12 metropolitan areas:

1. New York, NY: $4,661
2. Los Angeles, California: $4,200
3. Washington, DC: $4,051
4. Atlanta, Georgia: $3,938
5. Miami, FL: $3,323
6. San Francisco, California: $3,040
7. Dallas, Texas: $2,869
8. Phoenix, Arizona: $2,757
9. Boston, MA: $2,539
10. Chicago, Illinois: $2,387
11. Houston, TX: $2,167
12. Philadelphia, PA: $2,161

Metropolitan areas are more accepting of the remote work trend, considering they have larger numbers of knowledge workers and saw expanded pandemic restrictions — which the WFH researchers have dubbed it a “metropolitan phenomenon.” A working paper from the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) states that remote work is often a benefit accorded to the “metropolitan elite”.

There are still cost trade-offs for working from home

WFH Research’s calculations only consider spending near the office. It doesn’t even take into account other expenses saved when working remotely, such as: B. buying fancy work clothes or cosmetics, Nick Bloom, an economics professor at Stanford University and one of the researchers behind the report, told Fortune. Working from home can also save time and convenience, he added, e.g. B. being nearby to let in chores (like a plumber) and reclaiming time spent commuting.

But the money goes both ways, depending on a worker’s situation, he concedes. “If you work from home you save on gas and car bills, and if you work from home a lot you might need one less car,” says Bloom. “On the other hand, you pay more for heating, air conditioning and electricity at home. Eating and drinking can go either way depending on your previous work ethic.”

In fact, some telecommuters are cutting back on working from home, in part to save money on heating bills. In the first four months of last year, Americans spent about $23 more on electricity and gas bills than in 2019, according to data provided to Fortune by payments company Doxo.

But a day in the office now costs hybrid workers about $50 when billed for meals and transportation, research from Owl Labs shows. It’s no wonder, then, that inflation is still keeping many workers at home: days when they work remotely are slowly recovering, in part as workers seek to cut commuting costs and other office-related expenses like lunch.

“Many Americans are watching their household budgets closely right now, in the face of the economic crisis and inflation,” George Anders, senior editor of LinkedIn in general, told Fortune. “Working remotely often saves money because it reduces commuting costs to zero while also making lunch, coffee, etc. much more affordable.” It doesn’t help that many businesses are offering pandemic perks like free lunches or coffee in preparation for a potential recession have driven back.

As Frank Sinatra once sang about NYC, “If I can make it there, I can make it anywhere.” The same could be true of remote work, which has proven to be a budgeting hack for employees in the city and elsewhere.

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Moving across the country has always been a challenge, but with more Americans moving than ever before, is it possible to stay under (or even at) budget?

According to U.S. Postal Service change-of-address data, over 10.2 million people moved from January to April 2020, while over 10 million requests were submitted from the same timeframe this year. Similarly, a recent YouGov survey found that of 8,233 adults surveyed, 16% reported moving out of their current homes during the pandemic and 9% moved to a different city altogether.

While an overwhelming percentage of the requests in 2020 and 2021 were temporary (meaning someone requests to forward their mail to another place but plans to move back to their original residence within six months), many decided to make their move permanent. For those looking to go the distance (long-distance that is) and find the best moving company to help them do so, they were in for a rude awakening when it came to moving costs.

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The current labor shortage is affecting nearly every industry, from restaurants to construction, to the moving industry. But just how badly has this change disrupted pricing and moving patterns? We took a deep dive into why moving across the country is so expensive right now, which factors are at play in the decision to relocate and where people have chosen to move.

From 2019 to 2020 (from January to April), the United States saw a 3.3% increase in permanent change of address requests, while temporary requests from the same years were up an astounding 41.3%.

According to a study conducted by the Pew Research Center, about one-fifth of U.S. adults moved or knew someone who did in 2020 as a result of Covid-19 while many others attempted a temporary move or forwarded mail to another address, but didn’t end up moving permanently.

The changes in address between 2019 and 2020 were a clear response to Covid-19, with temporary address changes mostly coming from massive exodus states like New York and California. The story is different between 2020 and 2021: We see a downtick in temporary moves, with numbers of permanent moves up in comparison to 2019, which means that the desire to permanently change addresses even after the first year of Covid-19 is still very real.

Why Is Moving So Expensive Right Now?

Of course, in a typical year, there are certain times when moving becomes a little pricier than others, but the last year and a half has been trying for those who were looking to move for a reasonable price.

“May through August is the peak season for moving, so naturally, we’re always busy, and rates usually increase by 20%. However, this and last year was a bit different than most,” Josh Morales, CEO of International Van Lines, told Forbes Advisor Home.

Morales explained that after Covid-19 hit the United States, manufacturing across relevant sectors slowed and gas prices increased. “Everything from [the cost of] packing supplies to trucks increased. Therefore, moving costs increased.” Then, there’s the sheer volume of people who, as a result of Covid-19, decided to move somewhere else.

Morales says that last year, “states like California, New York and Washington saw record numbers for moves out, which caused a supply-and-demand issue.” That, mixed with seasonality, has resulted in a significant ongoing shortage of availability for moving companies.

“We’re currently seeing record numbers, and this is a national issue, not local,” Morales added.

Anthony DiSorbo, president of American Van Lines, added that the shortage of drivers is contributing greatly to driving costs across the sector. “The [lack of] labor available is driving the labor costs much higher. There are shortages nationwide, but we are noticing them most in California, Oregon, Washington and New York.”

Just How Expensive Is Moving Becoming and Where?

Ryan Carrigan, cofounder of moveBuddha, says that while the majority of the nation is seeing a spike in long-distance moving costs, the west (particularly California) is feeling the most heat.

“There has been an unprecedented number of people leaving the state and hardly anyone moving into California. This has created a major logistical problem for moving companies that rely on a balance of inbound and outbound moves to keep their trucks full,” Carrigan explained. “If every shipment is going in the same direction, there’s going to be a lot of empty trucks on return trips which make moves more expensive. Several large moving services have suspended or drastically reduced service to California. Other companies have simply increased their pricing to adjust for the issue.”

DiSorbo added that overall, “July 2021 is about 15% more expensive than July 2020 was,” and Morales told Forbes Advisor Home that a move from California to New York, with a truck carrying 1,000 cubic feet of items, cost between $7,000 and $8,000 in 2020, while in 2021, the costs for the same move rose to $8,500 to $9,500.

According to Morales, a move from New York to Texas, with a truck carrying 714 cubic feet of items, cost between $4,284 and $4,500 in 2020, while in 2021, the same move costs between $4,998 and $5,500, showing an almost 20% increase in rates. So while East Coast to West Coast moves cost less on average than the opposite route, prices are still much higher in 2021 compared to the previous year.

Carrigan shared with Forbes Advisor Home moveBuddha’s recent survey asking 63 moving company executives which states were the toughest for servicing customers. Thirty-eight percent of respondents said California was the biggest state in terms of issues servicing customers.

Respondents were also asked how current pricing compares to previous peak moving seasons. A whopping 38% of respondents said that they’re seeing five to 10% higher pricing on average, 19% reported 10 to 15% higher-than-average pricing and 11% reported 15 to 25% higher pricing, compared to the 24% who reported similar pricing to previous peak seasons.

Another survey question focused on if respondents saw any impact on delivery times for interstate moves. While 29% said delivery times were about the same as a typical peak season, 35% reported a one-to-three-day delay, while 31% reported a five-to-seven-day delay. These figures were mostly generated by moveBuddha’s moving cost calculator.

How Is the Labor Shortage Disrupting Migration Patterns?

Considering states like California are seeing record numbers of people leaving (California had a net loss of 61,945 residents from January to April of 2019 vs. 101,248 from January to April of 2021), the shortage has certainly shaken up historic moving patterns within the country.

Morales added that California, in particular, experienced record numbers of moves partially because of the wildfires at the beginning of Covid-19, which pushed many residents out of their homes for safety and environmental reasons.

DiSorbo offered intel that many people moving out of New York are now migrating south along the I-95 corridor to states like Florida, Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina, while moves coming out of California, Oregon and Washington are heading for states like Texas, Florida and Arizona.

Is Covid-19 to Blame for the Shortages?

Morales says the shortages in the moving industry are due to several factors, including the housing market and climate change, plus manufacturers shutting down during Covid-19.

“People are moving into South Florida from New York and California and offering hundreds of thousands of dollars over asking price for homes,” Morales explains. “Manufacturing was shut down for quite some time with a lot of backlogs, and while manufacturing shut down, orders didn’t stop.”

According to Morales, many companies are scrambling and opting to use U-Hauls—if and when they’re available, and packing materials are also on a halt. “On top of that, gas prices went up. That, in combination with peak season, caused this trickle effect. I have been in this industry for 16 years, and I have never seen anything like this.”

However, Carrigan argues that the trends we are seeing now have been in the works for a few years before Covid-19. “There was already a truck driver shortage prior to the pandemic, and it has only gotten worse.”

“When Covid-19 first hit, we saw an explosion of net migration out of cities like New York and San Francisco. But as things have started to normalize, the major effect of Covid-19 seems to be an acceleration of trends that were already underway,” Carrigan explains. “Chicago is losing residents. People are leaving California. Austin is growing like crazy. These trends were already underway before the pandemic, but have only gotten stronger.”

Also worth noting: The U.S. Department of Transportation established the Electronic Logging Device (ELD) rule for all truckers, which has affected the route times for many moving jobs. This rule caused many moving companies to restrict the hours their drivers were working (if they weren’t already before).

Some companies were no longer able to keep with the schedule at which they were pacing and some drivers moved on to find better-paying jobs, causing the beginning of the moving labor shortage. Driving rates increased as a result of the rule, which trickled down to higher customer costs.

“Some moving companies are choosing to do fewer moves so they can maintain normal delivery times. So instead of delaying moves, they’ve chosen to take on fewer customers in order to keep delivery times consistent,” Carrigan added. “[That’s] another reason why prices are higher and availability is lower this year.”

On the flip side, though, Carrigan explains that “other companies are taking on more customers and have chosen to delay delivery times. This is where the delays are coming from.”

How Are People Handling Long-Distance Moves?

For Emily Gregor, who moved from Brooklyn to Chicago at the end of April of this year, choosing from the best long-distance moving companies simply wasn’t an option.

“We planned our move pretty quickly. My lease was up, and my partner and I decided to spring on an apartment in Chicago’s Logan Square neighborhood. I researched companies that would do door-to-door service (especially since hiring movers was a godsend during the five years I lived in New York),” Gregor told Forbes Advisor Home.

Unfortunately for Gregor, every quote wound up being thousands of dollars more than she had ever anticipated or experienced in the past.

Gregor says she had no choice but to leave all her furniture behind and DIY her move. “We spent $670 on a two-day car rental, driving from Brooklyn to Ohio the first day, and then stopping at a hotel to sleep before heading to Chicago. It was stressful because we weren’t sure how large the SUV would be, but after some strategic Tetris-level maneuvers, we were able to pack up our Ford Explorer and get on the road.”

Rachel Abraham, who moved from Denver to Ellsworth, Maine, initially opted for a moving company, but after reading terrifying reviews, canceled and paid a high fee instead of trusting all of her belongings with a poorly reviewed company.

“We didn’t initially realize that the company was essentially a stack of subcontractors that just weren’t worth trusting with all our money and stuff,” Abraham told Forbes Advisor Home. While Abraham says the costs were lower than average, the reviews she read pointed out that people were “nickel-and-dimed” by tons of hidden fees.

“The process was a nightmare and sort of vindicated our choice to invest in a trailer hitch for our car and rent a U-Haul that I could tow,” Abraham says. She opted to pay $1,983.38 for a U-Haul trailer rental and also added on costs for the hitch install and gas with the trailer in tow.

“I feel like we did pretty well, all things considered. I really wish there were more consumer protections for interstate moving. The whole experience felt littered with hidden expenses and no guarantees that our belongings would arrive safely and on time for us to collapse on our mattress after such an exhausting journey,” she added.

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States With the Most Incoming Residents

According to a United Van Lines annual movers study published in January (focused on states with more than 250 moves with United Van Lines), more people opted to move to Montana and Delaware for retirement (41% of retiree moves), followed by Florida (39%) and South Carolina (38.5%), while families were more likely to move to Minnesota (41% of all family moves).

As for those moving for a new job or job transfer out of state, 72% chose to move to Nebraska, while Wyoming was a hot spot for those looking for a lifestyle change, with inbound percentages reaching 29%. Idaho was a popular state to move to for better cost of living and boasted an 11% inbound move increase.

MoveBuddha’s Carrigan says states like Texas, Florida, Idaho and Utah have seen some significant increases in new residents.

Two major cities in Ohio (Columbus and Cincinnati) were in the top 50 cities with the most net gain in residents, according to USPS change-of-address data, which makes Ohio another popular spot for those who are hoping to become homeowners.

Top 10 States Moved into in 2021

We looked at 2021 USPS change-of-address data from January to April to identify the top 10 states with the most incoming residents based on net gain.

Comparing the total population against the percent change of moves in, Delaware shows the biggest influx of new residents with a 0.23% change, followed by South Carolina with a 0.20% change and Maine with a 0.19% change. Below, we reworked the list to show the states with the largest percentage change of residents moving in against the overall population. The population shown is as of 2019.

• Delaware: Population of 973,764 – 0.23% change
• South Carolina: Population of 5.149 million – 0.20% change
• Maine: Population of 1.344 million – 0.19% change
• Nevada: Population of 3.08 million – 0.10% change
• Idaho: Population of 1.787 million – 0.10% change
• North Carolina: Population of 10.49 million – 0.09% change
• Tennessee: Population of 6.829 million – 0.07% change
• Florida: Population of 21.48 million – 0.06% change
• Georgia: Population of 10.62 million – 0.05% change
• Texas: Population of 29 million – 0.04% change

Top 10 Cities Moved into in 2021

Similarly, we gathered the available USPS data on top cities for incoming residents between January and April of this year.

Comparing the 10 cities’ total population against the percent change of moves in, Katy saw a whopping 16% change in incoming residents because of its lower population. Following are Richmond with a percent change of 13.9% and Naples with a percent change of 8.14%. Below, we reorganized these top cities to show those with the largest percentage change of residents moving in against their overall population. The population shown is as of 2019.

• Katy, TX: Population of 20,202 – 16% change
• Richmond, TX: Population of 12,646 – 13.9% change
• Naples, FL: Population of 21,812 – 8.14% change
• Northbrook, IL: Population of 33,343 – 4.3% change
• Sarasota, FL: Population of 56,919 – 3.16% change
• Georgetown, TX: Population of 71,004 – 2.3% change
• Kissimmee, TX: Population of 71,185 – 2.1% change
• Frisco, TX: Population of 177,020 – 1.2% change
• Port Saint Lucie, FL: Population of 189,396 – 1% change
• Henderson, NV: Population of 300,116 – 0.48% change

NOTE: While certain cities, like Frisco, have been growing at a similar rate for years before the pandemic hit, it’s still worth noting that these areas were of major interest through 2021.

The Largest Exodus States

The top four states where Carrigan has seen the most departures from are California, New York, Washington and Illinois. “Politics has played a role,” Carrigan says. “We’ve had many business owners leave California due to restrictions. We’ve also learned that large companies can work remotely, so employees are moving to less expensive locations.”

Top 10 States Moved Out of in 2021

Using the USPS change-of-address data, we looked into the top 10 states with the highest net loss of residents.

Taking into consideration the total population versus the percent change in moves out, New York had the largest change at 0.39%, while California followed with a 0.26% change. Below, we reworked the list to show the states with the largest percentage change of residents moving out. The population shown is as of 2019.

• New York: 19.45 million population – 0.39% change
• California: Population of 39.51 million – 0.26% percent change
• Illinois: Population of 12.67 million – 0.23% change
• Massachusetts: Population of 6.893 million – 0.22% change
• Colorado: Population of 5.759 million – 0.21% change
• Wisconsin: Population of 5.822 million – 0.18% change
• Washington: Population of 7.615 million – 0.17% change
• Indiana: Population of 6.732 million – 0.17% change
• Pennsylvania: Population of 12.8 million – 0.14% change
• Michigan: Population of 9.987 million – 0.11% change

Top 10 Cities Moved Out of in 2021

Using the USPS change-of-address data, we also looked into the top 10 cities with the highest net loss of residents.

Again, taking into consideration the total population versus the percent change in moves out, this list would be reranked (as shown below) to highlight Minneapolis as the biggest city in terms of resident net loss, considering its population of just over 420,000 and a 1.6% change in population just from January to April of 2021. Following Minneapolis is San Francisco with a 1.34% change and Washington D.C. with a 1% change. New York City (overall) and Los Angeles actually make the bottom of the list, considering their higher population density. The population shown is as of 2019.

• Minneapolis, MN: Population of 420,324 – 1.6% change
• San Francisco, CA: Population of 874,961 – 1.34% change
• Washington, D.C.: Population of 692,683 – 1% change
• Chicago, IL: Population of 2.71 million – 0.70% change
• Brooklyn, NY: Population of 2.59 million – 0.66% change
• Bronx, NY: Population of 1.435 million – 0.63% change
• Philadelphia, PA: Population of 1.579 million – 0.52% change
• Los Angeles, CA: Population of 3.967 million – 0.48% change
• Houston, TX: Population of 2.31 million – 0.46% change
• New York, NY: Population of 8.419 million – 0.29% change

Unlike the move-out cities, the move-in cities have a much lower population with higher percent changes in residents, showing that the major migration trends continuing in 2021 skew out of larger cities and into smaller cities and towns.

What Are People Doing Wrong When Booking a Moving Company?

Carrigan and Morales agree that the No. 1 issue is not being able to identify a moving scam.

DiSorbo also told Forbes Advisor Home that he believes a lot of consumers have not done proper research on the moving company they choose. “There are lots of rogue movers online that look legitimate because of their fake reviews.”

Morales says that customers aren’t always optimizing their price shopping, either. “We all want to save money, but the moving industry harbors many scam artists that give out ‘low ball’ estimates. Do the research, get three quotes and go with your gut. If it sounds too good to be true, it is.”

Morales strongly recommends that customers check the DOT safer website for license information. “You have to also look at the years in business versus the complaint ratio.” Morales warns that while you may think you have found a great low-priced moving company, “the guy opened up his company two days ago and has every intention of scamming you.”

Ultimately, Morales reiterates to go with your gut. “If you get three moving quotes and two companies are coming in at $10,000 but one comes in at $5,000, you know there’s something wrong.”

How to Save Money on a Long-Distance Move

While moving is ridiculously expensive now and for the near future, there are a few things you can do to save some money on a big move, including:

• Self-packing
• Booking a date in advance (at least a few months out)
• Purging and getting rid of unwanted stuff
• Choosing the right company (and consider budgeting for packing, any damages and overcharges)

DiSorbo agreed that while moving prices are higher than ever, customers aren’t totally out of luck if they need to make a cross-country move happen. “If you are flexible on your move dates, avoid moving between May 15 to August 31, because that is our busiest season,” DiSorbo advised. He also says to try to avoid moving during the last week of the month, since there is a higher demand for those dates and often costs more money.

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According to a report by market analyst Apartment List, the COVID-19 pandemic will NOT leave America’s cities empty despite a feared urban exodus. A new study examining search behavior on the apartment list website found that from January 1 to March 15, 2021, searches were directed to densely populated cities that were not distant from them. The study suggests that “for every tenant who has left, many appear ready to take their place”.

The news could offer some comfort to home owners in San Francisco, who have seen rental rates drop by an unprecedented 27% since the pandemic lockdowns began in March 2020. The average cost of an apartment in Santa Rosa declined only 2.1% over the year over the same period.

The study, released on Tuesday, claims that many city dwellers moved to less populated areas like Sonoma County at the start of the pandemic. However, these vacancies were temporary as recent search results indicate increased interest in withdrawing.

According to Apartment List, most of the people looking to retire are from San Jose (17.7%), Los Angeles (7.1%), and Sacramento (5.8%). Only 2.3% of Santa Rosa renters are considering moving to “The City,” while 1.9% of San Francisco renters are considering moving to Santa Rosa.

The median rent in SF is currently $ 2,305 for a two bedroom apartment, which gives you a pretty fancy pad at the Redwood Empire. Curious what the average San Francisco will rent you in Sonoma County? Click through our gallery above.

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